历史的共情——基于中国知识传统的心理治疗可能  

Historical Empathy: The Possibility of Psychotherapy Based on Chinese Intellectual Tradition

作　　者：王东美 Wang Dongmei(School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2022年第4期129-139,M0007,共12页Open Times

摘　　要：心理治疗作为一种文化,正在参与当今中国社会心理结构的塑造。本研究在对心理治疗作为文化现象的相关理论与经验研究作认真的反思后,看到了西方心理治疗对人的假设主要建立在个人主义文化基础之上的实质。这和中国知识传统对人的认识相差极大。本文以“人是关系性存在”这一认识为出发点,指出在中国天人合一的文化观念影响之下,人通常被假定为一种兼具身心互动以及与社会历史和宇宙自然相通转化、动态综合的关系性存在。在此前提下,本文提出“历史的共情”,意在对处于关系场域中的主体身心体验与社会历史处境产生的同感理解过程加以强调,以期突破现有的以个人主义为前提假设,且被专业设置及专业权力所限制的心理治疗关系格局,进而达到社会历史中人与人的有益互动与理解,最终实现基于历史-社会-文化-心理理解的人文疗愈。Psychotherapy as a culture is participating in the shaping of the spiritual structure of today’s Chinese society. Reflections on the literature in psychotherapy, psychological study and individualization show that the mainstream assumptions of humanity in western psychotherapy are mainly based on individualism, which is categorically different from the conception of humanity in the Chinese intellectual tradition. Under the influence of the traditional Chinese cultural concept of harmony between man and nature, human beings are usually assumed to be a kind of relational beings with physical and mental interaction as well as transformational communication with social history and the nature of the universe. Under this premise,“historical empathy”is being proposed, which aims to break through the existing assumptions based on individualism by emphasizing the empathic understanding of the client’s physical and mental experiences in the relational as well as social-historical context. Further, the relationship structure of psychotherapy restricted by professional settings and professional power will be transformed to bring about beneficial interaction and understanding between human beings in a social-historical context and achieve humanistic healing based on historical-social-cultural-psychological understanding.

关 键 词：心理治疗 关系性存在 共情 历史人文疗愈 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]