自动驾驶车辆侵权责任的理论建构  

Theoretical Construction of Tort Liability for Autonomous Vehicles

作　　者：杨丽 孙新强 Yang Li;Sun Xinqiang

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2022年第7期26-35,共10页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：自动驾驶技术的研发旨在使人们的出行更加安全。从理论上讲,自动驾驶车辆会减少因人为失误而导致的交通事故。但自动驾驶车辆中的软件系统,尤其是机载计算机中的算法出现故障从而导致事故发生的风险,是客观存在甚至是不可避免的。对于这种潜在的新型交通事故,我国现行交通事故侵权责任体系力不从心、捉襟见肘。在实践经验尚不足以支持专门立法的情况下,作为应对策略,应运用侵权法上的无过错原则对《产品质量法》上的“产品责任”进行适当改造,使之成为真正的无过错责任;同时以生产者责任险代替交强险,以分散承担无过错责任后自动驾驶车辆生产者的经济负担,确保生产者的生产积极性,形成科技进步与法律完善彼此促进的良性互动。The research and development of autonomous driving technology aims to make people's travel safer.From a theoretical point of view,autonomous vehicles could reduce traffi c accidents caused by human error.But the risk of the software systems in autonomous vehicles,especially the algorithms in the onboard computer malfunctioning and causing an accident,is objective,even unavoidable.our current traffic accident tort liability system is inadequate and stretched against such traffic accident.In the absence of practical experience,the principle of no-fault in tort law should be used to properly transform the"product liability"in the"Product Quality Law"to make it a real no-fault liability;At the same time,producer liability insurance is used to replace compulsory traffi c insurance,so as to disperse the economic burden of self-driving vehicle producers who bear no-fault liability,then ensure the production enthusiasm of producers,and fi nally form a perfect interaction between technology and law.

关 键 词：自动驾驶车辆 生产者 产品责任 无过错原则 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]