复合覆盖配合施肥对高寒山区杏扁叶片矿质元素及生长结果的影响  

Effects of compound mulching and fertilization on leaf mineral elements,growth and fruiting of Prunus armeniaca L.in the mountain area with high altitude and cold temperature

作　　者：刘志琨 王端 景晨娟 陈雪峰 武晓红[1] LIU Zhikun;WANG Duan;JING Chenjuan;CHEN Xuefeng;WU Xiaohong(Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,National Pear Improvement Center,050061)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所,国家梨改良中心,050061

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第8期6-10,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：河北省农林科学院创新工程(2020-3-5-6);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326310D);河北省农林科学院农业科技创新专项;河北省现代农业产业技术体系。

摘　　要：探究复合覆盖配合施肥等措施对杏扁生长结果的影响,为河北省张家口市北部高寒山区发展杏扁提供参考依据。以5年生优一杏扁为试材,地面不覆盖不施肥为对照,研究了施肥、地布+施肥和地布+秸秆+施肥3种栽培措施对杏扁植株生长、叶片矿质营养和果实品质的影响。结果表明:3种栽培措施均可促进新梢的生长,增大叶面积和比叶重,提高叶片光合色素含量;3种栽培措施均能提高叶片矿质元素含量,其中,地布+秸秆+施肥处理的N、P、K、Mg、Fe和Mn含量最高,地布+施肥处理的Cu和Zn含量最高;3种栽培措施均可以显著提高杏扁果实的单仁重、单核重和单株鲜核产量,但对出仁率无显著影响。综合比较3种栽培措施对叶片矿质元素、杏扁营养生长和果实品质的影响,以地布+秸秆+施肥处理最佳,其次为地布+施肥处理,再次为施肥处理。To investigate the effects of compound mulching with fertilization on the growth and fruiting of Prunus armeniace L.,and provide the reference for the development of Prunus armeniaca L.in mountain area with high altitude and cold temperature of northern Zhangjiakou.Five-year-old‘Youyi’was as the test material,and the ground with no covered+no fertilization was as control,the effects of fertilization,mulch+fertilization and mulch+straw+fertilization on the growth,leaf mineral nutrition and fruit of Prunus armeniaca L.were studied.The results was showed that the growth of new shoots,leaf area and specific leaf weight,and photosynthetic pigment content of leaves were all increased by the three cultivation measures,the contents of N,P,K,Mg,Fe and Mn were the highest in the treatment of mulch+straw+fertilization,the contents of Cu and Zn were the highest in the treatment of mulch+fertilization.All the three measures could significantly increased the almonds weight,kernel weight and yield of fresh kernel of Prunus armeniaca L.,but there was no significant effect on the kernel percent.So,we all were agreed that the treatment of mulch+straw+fertilization was the best choice for the mountain area with high altitude and cold temperature and edaphic barren.

关 键 词：高寒山区 覆盖 杏扁 矿质元素 果实 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]