大气环境对新型冠状病毒传播影响的研究进展  

Influence of atmospheric environment on SARS-CoV-2 transmission:A review

作　　者：孙伟 胡晓东[1,2,3] 胡耀豪 张国华[1,2,4] 郭子雍 林菊英[1,2,3] 黄金婷[1,2,3] 蔡晓銮 戴建威 王新明 张小曳 毕新慧 钟南山[7] Wei Sun;Xiaodong Hu;Yaohao Hu;Guohua Zhang;Ziyong Guo;Juying Lin;Jinting Huang;Xiaoluan Cai;Jianwei Dai;Xinming Wang;Xiaoye Zhang;Xinhui Bi;Nanshan Zhong(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization,State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Guangzhou 510640,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science,Guangzhou 510640,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Environmental Pollution Process and Control Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China;GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 511436,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510120,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广东省环境资源利用与保护重点实验室,广州510640 [2]中国科学院深地科学卓越创新中心,广州510640 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]粤港澳环境污染过程与控制联合实验室,广州510640 [5]广州医科大学,广州医科大学-中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院联合生命科学学院,广州511436 [6]中国气象科学研究院,灾害天气国家重点实验室,中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室,北京100081 [7]广州医科大学附属第一医院,广州呼吸健康研究院,呼吸疾病国家重点实验室,国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心,广州510120

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第21期2509-2521,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42130611,42041002)资助。

摘　　要：新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的肺炎疫情全球大流行引起了学术界对病毒传播机制的广泛关注.流行病学研究的结果表明,大气环境条件(包括太阳辐射、温湿度、风速、气溶胶颗粒物、气态污染物等)对SARS-CoV-2的传播有一定影响.然而,不同的研究得到的结论不尽相同.本文总结了有关大气环境对SARS-CoV-2传播影响的流行病学研究结果,并分析了其中的作用机制.从SARS-CoV-2的排放和大气赋存状态、存活特性等几个方面,评述了大气环境条件对病毒传播的直接影响;进而,从宿主细胞易感性的角度,分析了大气环境条件对病毒传播的间接影响.最后指出当前还亟须解决的相关科学问题.The novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has become a public health emergency of international concern.Exposure to droplets produced in the coughs and sneezes of infected individuals has been perceived as the dominant transmission mode for COVID-19.However,increasingly more evidence supports claims of COVID-19 having airborne transmission.An in-depth understanding of the transmission pathways and influencing factors of SARS-CoV-2 is of great significance for formulating more effective intervention strategies.A large number of epidemiological investigations into the influence of atmospheric environmental conditions on virus transmission have been conducted.In this paper,we review current understandings of the association between COVID-19 and atmospheric environmental conditions.We first summarize the epidemiological investigations on the impact of atmospheric environmental factors(including solar radiation,temperature and humidity,wind speed,particulate matters,and gaseous pollutants)on the spread of COVID-19,and 164 epidemiological investigations are included,in which air temperature and relative humidity received the greatest attention.However,the impact of these factors on the prevalence of COVID-19 remains largely uncertain.56%and 41%of investigations of temperature and humidity,respectively,show that cold and dry weather promotes COVID-19 transmission,while some studies come to the opposite conclusion,and still others do not show a significant relationship between them.Investigations of solar radiation are limited,but have come to the consistent conclusion that weak solar radiation is linked to increased severity of COVID-19 infection.Investigation of the impact of air pollution mainly focuses on particulate matters,and more than 70%of investigations indicate that PM2.5 likely contributes to the spread of COVID-19.Similarly,62%,51%,and 31%of investigations of NOx,O3,and SO2,respectively,indicate that the exposure to severe pollution can aggr

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 新型冠状病毒肺炎 大气环境 大气污染 病毒传播 人体免疫 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R181.3[医药卫生—内科学]