超细半导体纳米线/棒的可控合成与新奇性质研究及功能应用  

Controllable synthesis,fascinating properties and functional applications of ultrathin semiconductor nanowires and nanorods

作　　者：孙玉琢 李冬 邢观洁 李运超[1] Yuzhuo Sun;Dong Li;Guanjie Xing;Yunchao Li(College of Chemistry,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Heterocyclic Compounds,Handan University,Handan 056005,China;Tangshan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion Materials,Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学化学学院,北京100875 [2]邯郸学院,河北省杂环化合物重点实验室,邯郸056005 [3]唐山师范学院,唐山市光电转换材料重点实验室,唐山063000

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第20期2280-2297,共18页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21273020,21872011)资助。

摘　　要：超细半导体纳米线/棒是近年来发展起来的一类新型功能纳米材料,由于其具有接近原子尺度的直径和高度的结构各向异性,而表现出强烈的量子限域效应和界面效应,以及由此所伴生的诸多新奇的物理和化学性质,在光电器件与传感检测等领域具有广阔的应用前景,是纳米材料领域研究的前沿和热点.鉴于其独特性和重要性,本文系统总结了超细半导体纳米线/棒领域近年来的研究和应用进展,着重介绍了其制备方法和光学、电学、磁学等新奇性质及其在光电转化、光电探测、光催化、气体传感等领域的应用原理和重要进展;在此基础上挖掘了调控其生长过程和理化性质的内在规律,凝练了该领域发展中所面临的关键难题,展望了未来可能的发展方向,希望借此推动这类特殊纳米材料的快速发展.As is well known,beside the compositions,the sizes and morphologies also play a key role in determining the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials.So,the tunning of the sizes and morphologies of nanomaterials can not only lead to the discovery of new structures,but also bring new research paradigms to the scientific communities.Particularly,when the sizes of nanomaterials are reduced to several nanometer or even sub-nanometer level,more novel properties will appear.Being one kind of recently developed functional nanomaterials,ultrathin semiconductor nanowires and nanorods(i.e.,USNWs&USNRs)typically refer to the one-dimensional(1D)semiconductor nanostructures with a diameter less than 5 nm and even 3 nm.Compared with their traditional nanowire and nanorod counterparts(>5 nm in diameter),USNWs and USNRs are known for their remarkable quantum confinement effects,remarkable interfacial effects,and attractive novel physical(such as“cluster-like”sharp absorption,ultranarrow band fluorescence emission,etc.)and chemical properties(higher reactivity,etc.)due to their close-to-atomic diameters and high structural anisotropy.It is thus believed that they hold great promise for application in the fields of optoelectronic devices(e.g.,light-emitting diodes,solar cells and lasers),nanoscale electronic devices(e.g.,nanoscale circuits and chips),sensors(e.g.,gas sensors and photodetectors)and so on.As a result,the fundamental and applied studies of USNWs&USNRs are rather important and challengeable,which have drawn attentions in nanomaterial field over the past two decades.In view of their uniqueness,importance and limitations,we have systemically summarized the recent progress in the fundamental research and the functional applications of ultrathin semiconductor nanowires and nanorods in this review.To be more specific,we have particularly emphasized therein on their representative synthesis methods,fascinating optical absorption and emission,novel electronic,magnetic and polymer-like properties as well as their practi

关 键 词：半导体超细纳米线/纳米棒 合成方法 光电性质 功能应用 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]