武术概念的多维认知及定义的局限  

The Multidimensional Cognition of Wushu Concept and the Limitation of Its Definitions

作　　者：刘军[1] 李全海 LIU Jun;LI Quanhai(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Harbin Engineering University,Heilongjiang Harbin 150001;College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an Shanxi 710049;Department of Police and Physical Education,Shaanxi Police Officer Vocational College,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710021)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049 [3]陕西警官职业学院警体部,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2022年第4期56-62,共7页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“关系整全论及其实践探究”(18BSH009)。

摘　　要：文章梳理几种代表性的“武术”定义,包括武术的运动说、体育说、身体说、综合说,它们大都基于形式逻辑,将武术归结为不同的上位属概念。指出每种定义以及定义本身存在的问题,包括体育概念不能完全容纳武术,存在“本体”范畴的误用,身体说具有抽象性和空洞性,综合说并不综合等。最后指出,定义方式有多种,属加种差法无法确定被定义项的本质,排中律不完全适用于包括武术在内的生活世界,任何定义都只能关注“武术本身”的某个维度,无法描述“武术本身”,因为概念有整全性,但这不影响给出武术概念的描述性定义。This article examines several representative definitions of"Wushu",which are respectively given from the perspectives of sports,physical education,body,and comprehensive theory.Most of the definitions are derived from formal logic,and classify Wushu as a superordinate concept.This paper analyzes the problems with the definitions,which include that the definition from the perspective of physical education cannot fully accommodate Wushu,misuse of the"ontology"category,the body theory is abstract and hollow,and the comprehensive theory is not comprehensive at all.The paper further points out that even though Wushu can be defined in different ways,any definition can only focus on an aspect because of its holistic feature.For example,the method of genus+species difference cannot reveal the nature of Wushu.The law of excluded middle is not fully applicable to the life world in which Wushu exists.Even so,this does not mean that we can not give a descriptive definition to Wushu.

关 键 词：武术 武术概念 运动说 体育说 综合说 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]