战国后期秦国频繁制造战争血案的历史原因探析  

An Analysis of the Historical Reasons Why Qin State Frequently Made War Killings in the Late Warring States Period

作　　者：景红艳 李添 JING Hong-yan;LI Tian(College of History,Culture and Tourism,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi;School of Marxism,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院历史文化与旅游学院,陕西宝鸡721013 [2]河北工业大学马克思主义学院,天津300401

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期5-10,共6页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:春秋社会古礼转型研究(项目编号:19XZS004).

摘　　要：战国后期,列国竞霸达到白热化程度.军事上迅速崛起的秦国,在对外战争节节胜利的形势下,频繁制造大规模斩杀六国将士的战争血案,中原战场出现了自三代以来未曾有过的惨烈场面.秦武安君白起仅长平之战就坑杀赵国四十余万降卒,更把兼并战争的残酷性推向空前绝后的程度,令诸侯惊惧,六国颤栗.秦国大规模斩杀六国将士的动机,其原因主要有三:军功爵制度的实施,刺激了秦国军人阶层争功夺利的强烈欲望;霸道政治的推行,泯灭了礼乐文化传统下军人应有的武德;诸侯结盟合纵抗秦,激发了秦国推行以暴制暴的灭绝政策.In the late Warring States period,the competition for hegemony among states reached a fever pitch.The state of Qin,which was rapidly rising militarily,frequently made large-scale massacres of soldiers of the six states under the situation of successive victories in foreign wars,making the battlefield in the central plains a tragic scene never seen in three generations.Bai Qi,Lord Wu’an of the Qin state,killed more than 400000 surrendered soldiers of the Zhao state in the Battle of Changping alone,which pushed the cruelty of the annexation war to an unprecedented level and made all the six states tremble.To explore the motive of Qin’s large-scale killing of the soldiers of the six states,it is found that there are three main reasons:first,the implementation of the military merit system stimulated the strong desire of the Qin’s military class to strive for merit and profit;second,with the implementation of hegemonic politics,the military morality that soldiers should have under the tradition of ritual and music culture disappeared;third,the alliance of the states against Qin stimulated the extermination policy of suppressing violence with violence.

关 键 词：战国后期 秦国 战争血案 历史原因 

分 类 号：K231[历史地理—历史学]