增材制造马氏体时效钢的研究进展  

Progress on Additive Manufacturing of Maraging Steel

作　　者：李虎 赵伟江 李瑞迪 刘咏 Li Hu;Zhao Weijiang;Li Ruidi;Liu Yong(State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Research Institute of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学粉末冶金研究院粉末冶金国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第14期15-28,共14页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：综述了增材制造马氏体时效钢的研究进展,包括增材制造工艺和后处理对力学性能和微观组织的影响以及异质结构马氏体时效钢和梯度结构马氏体时效钢的力学性能和组织结构特点。此外,还总结了增材制造马氏体钢的合金成分、主要作用及其设计思路,分析了合金成分对马氏体时效钢的力学性能和微观组织的影响,着重讨论了复合颗粒增强相在增材制造马氏体时效钢中的强化效果与强化机制。介绍了增材制造马氏体时效钢在随形冷却模具、激光熔覆修复技术和表面涂层或表面改性等领域中的应用,并对增材制造马氏体时效钢在未来的发展方向进行了展望。Significance As advanced high strength steel,maraging steel is mainly used in the fields of aviation,atomic energy,and high-end tooling.The traditional methods for the preparation of maraging steel including cold rolling,homogenizing treatment,solution treatment and aging are complex,time-consuming and costly.Additive manufacturing(AM)has a wide application in the forming of complex shaped parts,which mainly depends on its flexibility,parameter controllability,and high cooling rate.AM can provide an effective way to promote martensite transformation,grain refinement,and forming of complex internal cavity structural molds.The combination of AM technology and maraging steel has great advantages in realizing personalized customization and reducing subsequent processing.The AM of maraging steel opens a new direction for the preparation of high-end die steel.However,it has complicated solidification metallurgy and solid phase transformation behaviors,although maraging steel fabricated by AM has excellent strength,toughness,hardness,corrosion resistance,and wear resistance.Therefore,it is of great significance to deeply understand the correlation among process,composition,and microstructure of maraging steel fabricated by AM.To improve the mechanical properties of maraging steel fabricated by AM,the post-treatment methods mainly including heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing(HIP)are used,which can effectively decrease the internal defects of forming parts and reduce the internal stress,the porosity,and the un-melted powder particles.However,the maraging steel fabricated by AM has anisotropic mechanical properties along the building direction and the scanning direction.Therefore,the process and properties of maraging steel fabricated by AM need to be further studied.With the maturity of laser AM technology and the improvement of mechanical properties of building parts,the AM of maraging steel is more widely used in industry and daily life.Laser cladding AM technology has also been applied to metal surface coating,b

关 键 词：激光技术 增材制造 激光粉末床熔合 马氏体时效钢 模具钢 异质结构钢 

分 类 号：TG406[金属学及工艺—焊接]