活性气氛对金属材料激光增材制造的作用机制  

Influencing Mechanisms of Reactive Atmospheres in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials

作　　者：王大为 董阳平 田艳红[2] 毕云杰 严明 Wang Dawei;Dong Yangping;Tian Yanhong;Bi Yunjie;Yan Ming(Department of Materials Science and Engineering,College of Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China;Ji Hua Laboratory,Foshan 528200,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学工学院材料科学与工程系,广东深圳518055 [2]哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]季华实验室,广东佛山528200

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第14期79-99,共21页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51971108);广东省自然科学基金(2020A1515011373);先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室开放课题研究基金(AWJ-22M01);江苏省科技计划(重点)(K22251901)。

摘　　要：激光增材制造(LAM)技术是智能制造的代表性技术之一,同时也是当前用于金属材料增材加工的主流技术。LAM成型的金属产品具有几何自由度大、尺寸精度高、质量和性能好等优势,已在航空航天、生物医疗、国防军事等行业中取得了广泛而重要的应用。LAM成型涉及以激光为热源的高温加热过程,因此通常需要对加工区域进行惰性气氛保护,避免空气对金属材料的污染。近几年来,利用N_(2)、Ar-O_(2)、Ar-N_(2)、Ar-CH_(4)等活性保护气氛的LAM技术快速兴起,在多种金属材料的力学性能提升方面取得了令人瞩目的成果,历史性地突破了气氛改性类技术难以影响材料内部的难题。同时,还涌现出在LAM加工前利用活性气氛改性打印原材料的新技术路径。本文针对活性气氛LAM这一颇具前景的新兴技术,阐述了国内外在近年取得的研究进展:从活性气氛保护的LAM加工与LAM原料活性气氛改性处理两大技术方向出发,归纳分析了这一新技术对钢铁、钛合金、铝合金、高熵合金等代表性金属材料的影响,系统比较了材料在力学性能等方面的提升、在组织与成型质量方面的变化,并详细揭示了其作用机理。同时,本文总结了活性气氛LAM技术面临的机遇和挑战,并对进一步明确气氛改性机理、扩展其应用范围提出了相应的展望。Significance Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)technology is not only a representative technology of intelligent manufacturing but also the most popular technology used for the additive processing of metallic materials at the moment.The metal products fabricated using LAM have many advantages,including high geometric freedom,good dimensional accuracy,and excellent performance and quality.They have been widely used in the aerospace,biomedical,and defense industries.Because LAM processing includes a high-temperature laser-heating process,the processing area is often shielded with inert atmospheres to avoid the air contamination of the metallic materials.Recently,LAM technologies utilizing reactive atmospheres,such as N_(2),Ar-O_(2),Ar-N_(2),and Ar-CH_(4),have rapidly emerged with remarkable achievements in improving the mechanical properties of various metals.It solves a long-lasting problem;the difficulty of modifying the properties of internal materials through atmospheric modification,which might be considered a historic breakthrough.Simultaneously,a new technological path has emerged;modifying feedstock materials before LAM processing utilizing active atmospheres.This study covers recent local and international research advances in the technology of reactive atmospheric LAM,which is a promising developing technology.The achievements are the result of two major technical directions;reactive atmospheric protected LAM processing and reactive atmospheric modified LAM feedstock materials.This review is concluded by analyzing the impacts of this new technology on representative metals such as steel,titanium alloy,aluminum alloy,and high-entropy alloy.In addition,it analyzes and compares material advancements in terms of mechanical properties,microstructural changes,and forming quality,as well as underlying mechanisms.At the same time,this paper discusses the current challenges and opportunities of the reactive atmospheric LAM technology.Progress In Section 2,this review critically examines the literature involving LAM

关 键 词：激光技术 高性能金属 增材制造 3D打印 活性气氛 保护气体 

分 类 号：TH164[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]