宋代宗族观念庶民化与宗族的形成——以江西地域宗族为例  

On the Conception of Clan Popularization in Song Dynasty and the Form of Clan:A Case Study of Clan in Jiangxi

作　　者：施由明[1] SHI You-ming(Agricultural Archaeology Editorial Department,Jiangxi Academy of Social Sciences,Nanchang 330006,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省社会科学院《农业考古》编辑部,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第4期100-107,共8页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清时期赣鄱宗族与地域社会秩序研究”(19BZS136)。

摘　　要：周代及秦汉时代,王室及皇室和豪族非常重视宗族,记述清晰,用之于祭祀及权力和财产的分配与继承;普通民众不讲究所谓宗族。魏晋南北朝时期选官和婚配讲究是否出身名门望族,族谱修撰也未见于庶民。到宋代,文人士大夫将宗族观念庶民化,他们意识到普通民众树立起宗族观念的重要意义,认为通过祖宗的认同、血缘关系的串联、对先人重要事迹和优秀品德的弘扬和传承,可以使族人得到凝聚,在地方社会中可以形成一个有力量的群体,更有利于族人的生存。到南宋后期,北宋时代文人士大夫的庶民宗族观念被较多基层文人接受。以江西地域为例,在南宋后期,一些宗族进入了自觉的建设时期,即编修族谱、集体祭祖、设置族学和族田等。这表明南宋之后,庶民已重视宗族建设。In the Zhou Dynasty and the Qin and Han Dynasties,the royal family,the royal family and the noble families attached great importance to the clan,and the description was clear,which was used for sacrifice,distribution and inheritance of power and property.At that time,ordinary people did not pay attention to the so-called clan.In the Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties,the selection of officials and marriage were concerned about whether they were from a famous family,and the compilation of genealogy was not seen in the common people.In the Song Dynasty,literati and bureaucrats popularized the concept of clans.They realized the importance of establishing the concept of clans among ordinary people.They believed that through the identification of ancestors,the connection of blood relations,and the promotion and inheritance of important deeds and excellent morality of ancestors,the clansmen could be condensed,and a powerful group could be formed in the local society,which was more conducive to the survival of the clansmen.In the later period of the Southern Song Dynasty,the common people’s clan concept of the literati and bureaucrats in the Northern Song Dynasty was accepted by more grassroots literati.Taking Jiangxi Province as an example,in the late Southern Song Dynasty,some clans entered a period of conscious construction,that is,compiling genealogy,collective ancestor worship,and setting up ethnology and clan fields.This shows that after the Southern Song Dynasty,the common people have attached importance to the construction of clans.

关 键 词：宗族观念 庶民化 江西宗族 宋代 

分 类 号：K820.9[历史地理—历史学]