刑法中违法性认识问题的阶层判断理论之建构  

The Construction of the Theory of Class Judgment on the Cognition of Illegality in Criminal Law

作　　者：崔建 Cui jian

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2022年第3期75-91,共17页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：责任原则之下必须坚持违法性认识必要说,将违法性认识定位于故意理论之中具有合理性,责任理论存在不可避免的缺陷,其批判点难以成立,值得商榷。规范性构成要件、空白构成要件以及不作为犯的法定作为义务的存在,进一步证明了将违法性认识定位于故意理论的合理性。不法层面的一般违法性认识和责任层面下的刑事违法性认识二元定位理论有效解决了责任原则和刑事政策之间、故意论和责任论之间的对立,可以有效处理刑法中违法性认识的相关问题。立足于社会危害性理论,为构成要件阶段中的一般违法性认识提供规范判断的事实基础,为违法性认识问题提供一个合理的教义学标准。借鉴过失犯在注意义务中的判断标准,为刑事违法性认识可能提供判断思路。通过一般违法性认识——刑事违法性认识的判断思路构建刑法中违法性认识问题的阶层判断理论。Under the principle of responsibility,we must insist on the cognition of illegality.It is reasonable to locate the cognition of illegality in the theory of intention,but there are inevitable defects in the theory of responsibility.The existence of normative constitutive elements,blank constitutive elements and legal obligation of omission crime further proves the rationality of positioning the understanding of illegality in intentional theory.The dual orientation theory of general illegality cognition and criminal illegality cognition at the level of lawlessness and responsibility cognition at the level of responsibility effectively solves the opposition between the principle of responsibility and criminal policy,the theory of intention and the theory of responsibility,and can effectively solve the related problems of illegality cognition in criminal law.Based on the theory of social harmfulness,it provides a factual basis for the standard judgment of the general understanding of illegality in the stage of constitutive elements,and provides a reasonable doctrinal standard for the understanding of illegality.Drawing lessons from the judgment standards of negligent offenders in duty of care,it may provide a way of judgment for the understanding of criminal illegality.Through the general illegality cognization-criminal illegality cognization-judgment thought constructs the class judgment theory of the illegality cognizance problem in criminal law.

关 键 词：风险分担 违法性认识必要说 故意论 规范构成要件 双层违法定位论 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]