近代天津海港检疫机构的创建历程与检疫措施  

The Establishment History and Quarantine Measures of Modern Tianjin Maritime Quarantine Institution

作　　者：刘苗 LIU Miao(Institute for the History Natural Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期49-58,92,共11页Journal of Guangxi Minzu University ：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所“十四五”规划重大突破项目(E1GHXMTP02);中国科学院自然科学史研究所2021年度科研奖励项目(E1KYJLXM01)。

摘　　要：近代天津的海港检疫自1895年正式建制化后,其组织机构的隶属关系迭经变迁,发展受日本、英国等外国势力影响颇深。检疫实施程序、确定施检对象、进出口船舶的数量等规定都随着相关规章制度的颁布和天津港的发展而逐步完善。天津海港检疫的措施也从“被动应对”疫病,转为积极通过船只熏蒸除鼠、预防注射等手段来“主动防治”,为中华人民共和国成立后华北海港检疫事业的发展打下了重要基础。Since the maritime quarantine in modern Tianjin was officially established in 1895,in the name of Tianjin,it has managed the related businesses of Tianjin,Tanggu,Dagu and Qinhuangdao whose affiliation of its organization has changed repeatedly,and its development is deeply influenced by foreign forces such as Japan and Britain.With the promulgation of relevant rules and regulations and the development of Tianjin Port,the procedures for implementing quarantine inspection,the determination of the inspection objects,and the number of import and export ships have been improved little by little.In addition,with regards to the quarantine measures of Tianjin maritime quarantine,it has has also changed from"passive response to the disease"to actively"make prevention and control"through ship fumigation,prevention and injection and other means,which has laid an important foundation for the development of North China maritime quarantine career after the founding of the Republic of China.

关 键 词：近代 天津 海港检疫 传染病 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]