北京市城镇化地区植物多样性评价  

Evaluation on plant diversity in urbanization area of Beijing City

作　　者：刘浩[1] 崔岳铭 王磊[1] 张丹棵 刘雪花 张钢民[1] Liu Hao;Cui Yueming;Wang Lei;Zhang Danke;Liu Xuehua;Zhang Gangmin(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第8期48-55,共8页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：生态环境部“生物多样性调查评估”项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：【目的】植物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,也是城市生态系统的重要组成部分。应对目前缺乏对城镇化地区植物多样性的评价标准,本研究尝试建立适合北京市城镇化地区的植物多样性评价体系。【方法】以北京市城镇化程度较高的9个区为评价单元,通过历史相关资料收集并结合重点区域野外调查的方法,选取维管植物丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、物种特有性、外来物种入侵度、城市绿地率和古树名木丰富度6项评价指标,构建北京市城镇化地区的植物多样性评价体系,参考生态环境部颁布的区域多样性评价标准并结合专家意见确定各指标权重。【结果】研究范围内的9个区植物多样性指数均相对较高,其中海淀88.39、石景山61.69、顺义60.30、丰台49.75、朝阳42.33、大兴42.01、通州41.55和东、西城区38.14。海淀、石景山和顺义植物多样性评价等级为“优”,其他区的评价等级均为“良”,植物多样性较丰富。【结论】以区为单元构建适用于城镇化地区植物多样性的评价体系,在一定程度上可以反映北京市城镇化地区植物多样性的整体分布情况。评价结果为各区生态文明建设考核的量化指标,同时为北京市生物多样性的保护和管理提供科学依据。建议将来以区域网格(10 km×10 km)为评价单元,不断优化评价体系的各项指标,这样得到的评价结果应该更为公正、可靠,使得后期保护措施的操作性更强。[Objective]Plant diversity is not only the basis of human survival and development,but also an important part of urban ecosystem.In view of the lack of evaluation standard of plant diversity for urbanization area,this study attempted to establish an evaluation system of plant diversity for Beijing urbanization area.[Method]In this study,nine districts with a high degree of urbanization in Beijing were taken as the evaluation units.Through the collection of historical data and field investigation in key areas,the evaluation system of plant diversity in urbanization area of Beijing was constructed by six indicators,including richness of vascular plant species,diversity of ecosystem types,species endemism,degree of invasion of invasive alien species,rate of urban green space and richness of ancient and famous trees.The weight of each indicator was determined by regional diversity evaluation standard issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,combined with expert opinions.[Result]The plant diversity index of the nine districts in the study area was relatively high,88.39 in Haidian District,61.69 in Shijingshan District,60.30in Shunyi District,49.75 in Fengtai District,42.33 in Chaoyang District,42.01 in Daxing District,41.55 in Tongzhou District,38.14 in Dongcheng and Xicheng districts;the evaluation grade of plant diversity was“very rich”in Haidian,Shijingshan and Shunyi districts,and“rich”in other districts.[Conclusion]Taking district as basic unit,the evaluation system for plant diversity in urbanization area can reflect the overall status of plant diversity in Beijing.Evaluation result is the quantitative index for the assessment of ecological civilization construction in each district.Moreover,it can provide scientific basis for the conservation and management of biodiversity in Beijing.In the future,it is suggested that the regional grid(10 km×10 km)should be used as the evaluation unit,and the indicators of the evaluation system should be continuously optimized.In this way,the evaluation result

关 键 词：北京市 植物多样性 多样性评价 指标体系 城镇化地区 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学] Q948.5[生物学—植物学]