饲粮中棕榈酸与油酸的比例对泌乳早期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数与菌群组成的影响  

Effects of Dietary Palmitic Acid to Oleic Acid Ratio on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community Composition of Early Lactation Dairy Cows

作　　者：户林其 沈宜钊 李妍[2] 王美美[1] 张海博 郭刚 申跃宇 李建国[1,4] 高艳霞 李素霞[5] 王颖 HU Linqi;SHEN Yizhao;LI Yan;WANG Meimei;ZHANG Haibo;GUO Gang;SHEN Yueyu;LI Jianguo;GAO Yanxia;LI Suxia;WANG Ying(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Beijing Shounong Animal Husbandry Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100076,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo,Baoding 071001,China;Chengde Animal Husbandry Workstation,Chengde 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071001 [3]北京首农畜牧发展有限公司,北京100076 [4]河北省牛羊胚胎技术创新中心,保定071001 [5]承德市畜牧工作站,承德067000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第8期5094-5106,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS36);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队项目(HBCT2018120203);河北省重点研发项目(20326606D);河北农业大学精准畜牧学科群建设项目(1090064);承德市科技科技研究与发展项目(202001B026)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮中棕榈酸与油酸的比例对泌乳早期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数与菌群组成的影响,以期为优化奶牛饲粮中脂肪酸组成提供理论依据。试验选取胎次[(2.39±0.20)胎]、体重[(668.3±20.1) kg]、体况评分(3.29±0.06)、产奶量[(47.9±1.6) kg]和泌乳天数[(63.5±2.6) d]接近的健康泌乳早期经产荷斯坦奶牛72头,随机分为3个组,每组24头。配制能量和粗蛋白质水平一致,而所添加的脂肪粉中棕榈酸和油酸的比例分别为90.9∶9.1 (A组)、79.5∶20.5(B组)、72.7∶27.3(C组)的3种试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中棕榈酸与油酸的比例对瘤胃液pH、氨态氮和微生物蛋白浓度、乙酸和丙酸摩尔比例以及乙丙比均无显著影响(P>0.05),但随饲粮中油酸比例的增加,瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度有线性提高的趋势(P=0.09),而丁酸摩尔比例则线性降低(P<0.01)。2)各组的Shannon和Simpson指数差异不显著(P>0.05),但B组和C组的Chao1和ACE指数显著低于A组(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,随饲粮中油酸比例的增加,纤维杆菌门的相对丰度线性升高(P<0.01),拟杆菌门的相对丰度有线性升高的趋势(P=0.09),而厚壁菌门的相对丰度和厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门则线性降低(P<0.01)。在属水平上,不同处理对属水平上菌群组成的影响较小,仅琥珀酸弧菌科_UCG-002的相对丰度随饲粮中油酸比例的增加线性降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,饲粮中棕榈酸与油酸的比例为72.7∶27.3时,可降低泌乳早期奶牛瘤胃菌群的丰富度,虽然对瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸摩尔比例无较大影响,但可降低丁酸摩尔比例和提高总挥发性脂肪酸浓度,改善瘤胃发酵。The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dietary palmitic acid to oleic acid ratio on rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community composition of early lactation dairy cows,to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the fatty acid composition of dairy cow diet.Healthy Holstein cows with similar parity[(2.39±0.20)parities],body weight[(668.3±20.1)kg],body condition score(3.29±0.06),milk yield[(47.9±1.6)kg]and lactation days[(63.5±2.6)d]were randomly divided into 3 groups with 24cows in each group.The energy and crude protein levels were similar in the experimental diets,while the palmitic acid to oleic acid ratio in fat powder of experimental diets was 90.9∶9.1(group A),79.5∶20.5(group B)and 72.7∶27.3(group C),respectively.The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the experimental period was 28 days.(Result)The results showed as follows:1)dietary palmitic acid to oleic acid ratio had no significant effects on ruminal fluid pH,concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein,molar proportions of acetic acid and propionic acid,and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio(P>0.05).The ruminal fluid total volatile fatty acid concentration tended to increase linearly(P=0.09),and the butyric acid concentration decreased linearly with dietary oleic acid ratio increasing(P<0.01).2)There were no significant differences in the Shannon and Simpson indexes among experimental groups(P>0.05).But the Chao1 and ACE indexes of groups B and C were significantly lower than those of group A(P<0.05).3)At the phylum level,with the oleic acid ratio increasing,the relative abundance of Fibrobacterota increased linearly(P<0.01),the relative abundance of Bacteroidota tended to increase linearly(P=0.09),whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidota decreased linearly(P<0.01).At the genus level,the treatment effect was limited on bacterial community composition,only the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 decreased linearly with the oleic acid ratio increasing(P<0

关 键 词：棕榈酸 油酸 瘤胃发酵 菌群组成 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]