北京冬季奥运会历史同期大气PM_(2.5)污染特征分析  

Characteristics of PM_(2.5) Pollution in Beijing During the Historical Period of the 2022 Olympic Winter Games

作　　者：刘玥晨 满睿琪 裘彦挺 杨佳炜 王均睿 谭瑞 汤丽姿 俞颖 宋锴 郭松[1] 陈仕意[1] 曾立民[1] 吴志军[1] 胡敏[1] LIU Yue-chen;MAN Rui-qi;QIU Yan-ting;YANG Jia-wei;WANG Jun-rui;TAN Rui;TANG Li-zi;YU Ying;SONG Kai;GUO Song;CHEN Shi-yi;ZENG Li-min;WU Zhi-jun;HU Min(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第8期3895-3902,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0213003);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(91844301);国家自然科学基金项目(41875149)。

摘　　要：基于2015~2021年的1~3月北京市大气PM_(2.5)浓度与化学组成长期观测数据,分析了2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会(冬奥会)和北京冬季残疾人奥林匹克运动会(冬季残奥会)历史同期的PM_(2.5)污染态势、化学组成特征以及潜在源区.2015~2018年的1~3月重污染[日均ρ(PM_(2.5))>75μg·m^(-3)]天数以及重污染期间PM_(2.5)平均值下降十分显著,之后这两者未发生明显改变.2018~2021年的1~3月每年平均发生重污染23 d,重污染天ρ(PM_(2.5))平均值约为120.0μg·m^(-3).2015~2021年的1~3月超长重污染过程(连续重污染超过5 d)平均每年发生2~3次,其中2021年发生3次,且持续时间最长达到8 d.历年冬奥会历史同期发生重污染的天数为2~9 d,春节期间烟花爆竹大量燃放可能是该时期重污染发生的重要原因之一;冬季残奥会历史同期重污染天数一般为1~5 d,但2021年受频繁出现的静稳天气影响,重污染天数高达9 d.在同时段重污染期间,PM_(2.5)化学组成均以二次组分为主,例如在PM_(2.5)可测组分中,2020年NO~-_(3)质量分数高达46%,较同年清洁天(11%)显著增加;SO_(4)^(2-)质量分数为12%~19%,说明当前硫酸盐污染仍不容忽视.北京市1~3月PM_(2.5)主要贡献区域包括内蒙古自治区中西部、河北省、天津市、山西省、陕西省、山东省中西部和河南省北部.研究结果将为北京市冬季空气质量持续改善以及2022年冬奥会与冬季残奥会期间北京市环境空气质量保障提供科学依据.Based on the dataset derived from January to March between 2015 and 2021 in Beijing,the PM_(2.5) pollution characteristics and its potential source regions during the historical period of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games and Paralympic Winter Games were investigated.From 2015 to 2018,both the number of severely polluted days(daily average ρ(PM_(2.5))>75 μg·m^(-3)) and the average PM_(2.5) concentrations during severe pollution episodes decreased significantly in the period of January to March.While,neither variable has changed obviously since 2018.On average,severely polluted days occurred 23 times in each year between 2018 and 2021 during the period of January to March,and the average of ρ(PM_(2.5)) was approximately 120.0 μg·m^(-3) during such polluted days.From January to March in 2015-2021,the severely polluted event with more than 5 consecutive polluted days occurred 2-3 times in each year,and the severest one lasted 8 d.During the historical period of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games,severely polluted days took place 2-9 d every year.The large quantities of fireworks during the Spring Festival maybe one of important primary sources of the PM_(2.5).The number of severely polluted days during the historical period of the Paralympic Winter Games ranged from 1 to 5 d,except for 2021 with 9 d owing to the frequent stagnant weather condition.The PM_(2.5) chemical composition was dominated by secondary species on severely polluted days during the historical period of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games and Paralympic Winter Games.Nitrate accounted for 46% of the measurable chemical components of PM_(2.5) during severe pollution events in 2020,which was remarkably higher than that during clean days in the same year(11%).The mass fraction of SO_(4)^(2-) ranged from 12% to 19% in 2018-2020,indicating that the contribution of sulfate was much less,but cannot be ignored.The main potential source regions of PM_(2.5) in Beijing during the period concerned in this study were central and western Inner Mon

关 键 词：2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会 PM_(2.5) 重污染 化学组成 潜在源区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]