滇中典型工矿业城市大气干湿沉降重金属等元素特征及健康风险评价  

Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Other Elements in Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition and Health Risk Assessment of a Typical Industrial and Mining City in Central Yunnan

作　　者：范晨子[1] 刘永兵 袁继海[1] 郭威[1] 孙冬阳[1] 刘成海 FAN Chen-zi;LIU Yong-bing;YUAN Ji-hai;GUO Wei;SUN Dong-yang;LIU Cheng-hai(Key Laboratory of Micro-and Element Forms Analysis of China Geological Survey,National Research Center for Geoanalysis,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]国家地质实验测试中心中国地质调查局微区与元素形态重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第8期3923-3933,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190589);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1805005);国家地质实验测试中心大型科研仪器开放共享后补助资金项目(GXBZ-2021-01)。

摘　　要：为研究滇中地区典型工矿业城市大气干湿沉降元素特征及健康风险,选择安宁市2019年6月至2020年7月间采集的大气干湿沉降物为研究对象,分别测定了干、湿沉降中TN、 F、 Cr、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Pb、 P、 As和Hg这11个指标含量,计算了大气年沉降通量,并采用暴露风险模型评估了其对人体健康风险.结果表明:(1)大气干沉降物中除Cr、 Ni和As,元素F、 Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Pb和Hg的含量平均值显著高于安宁市表层土壤元素含量,其分别为5.82、 3.00、 28.27、 57.53、 2.83和1.08倍;湿沉降物中F和TN平均含量超过地表水Ⅴ类水标准值;(2) TN年沉降通量最高,8种重金属元素的年沉降通量从小到大依次为:Hg<Ni<As<Cr<Cd<Cu<Pb<Zn;依据《土地质量地球化学评价规范》(DZ/T 0295-2016)要求,除位于某化工厂附近的点位DQ-11,其余点位大气环境质量地球化学等级均为一等;(3)手口摄入是大气重金属暴露的最主要途径,且儿童的日均暴露剂量和非致癌健康风险远大于成人,特别是研究区大气As、 Cd和Pb对儿童会产生一定的非致癌性健康风险;致癌重金属中Cr、 Cd、 As和Ni致癌风险指数低于10^(-6),不存在致癌性风险或风险较小.因此需加强对区内工矿企业大气重金属排放的严格管控.In order to study the characteristics of atmospheric dry and wet deposition elements and the health risks of typical industrial and mining cities in central Yunnan,the atmospheric dry and wet depositions collected from June 2019 to July 2020 in Anning city were selected as the research object and measured.The contents of the 11 indexes TN,F,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,P,As,and Hg were determined,the annual atmospheric deposition flux was calculated,and the exposure risk model was used to assess the risk to human health.The results showed that:(1) In addition to Cr,Ni,and As in the atmospheric dry sediments,the average contents of the elements F,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,and Hg were significantly higher than those of the surface soil in Anning City,which were 5.82,3.00,28.27,57.53,2.83,and 1.08 times higher,respectively.The average contents of F and total nitrogen in wet deposition exceeded the standard value of surface water V-class water.(2) The annual atmospheric deposition flux of total nitrogen was the highest,and the annual deposition flux of eight heavy metal elements from smallest to largest was Hg<Ni<As<Cr<Cd<Cu<Pb<Zn.According to DZ/T 0295-2016,except for the point DQ-11 located near a chemical industrial plant,the atmospheric environmental quality and geochemical grades of other points were all first-class.(3) Hand-to-mouth ingestion was the most important avenue of exposure to atmospheric heavy metals,and the exposure dose and non-carcinogenic health risks to children were far greater than those to adults;the atmospheric As,Cd,and Pb in the study area especially caused certain non-carcinogenic health risks to children.Cr,Cd,As,and Ni carcinogenic risk indexes were lower than 10^(-6),thus,there was little or no carcinogenic risk.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the strict control of atmospheric heavy metal emissions from industrial and mining enterprises in this region.

关 键 词：大气干湿沉降 重金属 年沉降通量 健康风险评价 安宁市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]