基于Meta分析的我国华北地区氮肥施用对玉米增产效应研究  

Study on the Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Maize Yield in North China Based on Meta-Analysis

作　　者：张玲椿 张馨月[1,2] 高强[1,2] 焉莉[1,2] ZHANG Lingchun;ZHANG Xinyue;GAO Qiang;YAN Li(College of Resource and Environmental Science,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation,Ministry of Education,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室,长春130118

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2022年第4期550-557,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2035)。

摘　　要：【目的】定量分析华北地区在氮肥施用条件下不同田间管理措施对玉米的产量效应,旨在明确不同条件下施用氮肥对玉米产量的影响,为优化华北地区玉米综合管理措施,发挥氮肥增产效果提供数据参考。【方法】运用了Meta分析方法将中英文数据库中已发表的有关氮肥施用对玉米产量影响的文献进行检索筛选,数据库包括中英文论文62篇,可进行分析的试验数据583对。【结果】研究结果表明,施用氮肥对玉米产量影响显著(P<0.001;lnR++=0.3316),平均增产率达到39.32%。影响华北地区氮肥效应的最关键因素为施氮量,其次为种植制度、氮肥种类和灌溉方式。若土壤基础肥力较高应减少氮肥投入;华北地区玉米平均施氮量在161 kg N/hm^(2)左右时增产效应达到最大;采用轮作制度可以显著提高玉米增产率,其中粮棉轮作下增产率最高,为82.74%,高出玉米连作56.77%;将有机肥与无机肥配施,增产率可达到79.48%;滴灌措施下平均增产率达到42.90%,比传统灌溉高出18.8%。【结论】施氮量和种植制度是施氮对玉米增产效应的重要解释变量。应综合考虑土壤肥力条件,采取合理的施肥量、轮作制度、有机肥还田和滴灌措施,以实现华北地区玉米高产高效的现代化农业之路。【Objective】This research is to quantitative analyze the effects of different field management measures on maize yield under nitrogen application conditions in North China,so as to clarify the effects of nitrogen application under different conditions on maize yield,and provide data reference for optimizing the comprehensive management measures of maize in North China and exerting the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield.【Method】In this study,the meta-analysis method was used to search and screen the published literatures about the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on maize yield in Chinese and English databases.The database included 62 studies and 583 pairs of experimental data are to be analyzed.【Result】The results showed that nitrogen application had a significant effect on maize yield(P<0.001;lnR++=0.3316),and the average yield increase reached 39.32%.The most important factor affecting nitrogen fertilizer effect in North China was nitrogen application rate,followed by cropping system,nitrogen fertilizer type and irrigation method.If the basic fertility of the soil is high,the input of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced;The yield-increasing effect reached the maximum when the mean nitrogen application was around 161 kg N/hm^(2) in North China.Adopting a crop rotation system could significantly improve the yield-increasing effect,among,which the cotton-wheat-maize rotation had the highest increasing effect reaching 82.74%,which was 56.77%higher than that of maize continuous cropping;the combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can increase the yield by 79.48%,the mean yield-increasing under drip irrigation reached 42.90%,which was 18.8%higher than that under traditional irrigation.【Conclusion】Nitrogen application rate and cropping systems were important explanatory variables for the effect of nitrogen application on maize yield.In order to realize the high yield and high efficiency of maize modern agricultural in North China,we should consider the soil fer

关 键 词：氮肥 华北地区 水分管理 土壤条件 种植制度 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S147.2