云南元阳梯田森林生态系统蚂蚁群落和分布格局研究  

Ant Community and Distribution Pattern of Terraced Field Forest Ecosystem in Yuanyang,Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨蕊 和秋菊 徐正会 武必念 都红 张新民 YANG Rui;HE Qiuju;XU Zhenghui;WU Binian;DU Hong;ZHANG Xinmin(Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Early Warning and Control of Yunnan Province/College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室/西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2022年第4期591-600,I0001-I0005,共15页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860615,32060122,31760633);国家自然科学基金委员会应急管理项目子课题(31750002);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(2019—2023年)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示梯田森林生态系统蚂蚁物种多样性与环境因素之间的相互关系。【方法】采用样地调查法研究云南元阳梯田森林生态系统蚂蚁群落和分布格局。【结果】合计记录蚁科昆虫10亚科47属101种,发现3个中国新记录种:母卫无刺蚁Kartidris matertera Bolton、平额大头蚁Pheidole planifrons Santschi和扎姆拟毛蚁Pseudolasius zamrood Akbar et al.。白足狡臭蚁Technomyrmex albipes(Smith)、黑头酸臭蚁Tapinoma melanocephalum(Fabricius)和近缘重头蚁Carebara affinis(Jerdon)是蚂蚁群落的优势种。蚂蚁群落主要指标随海拔升高出现多个峰值,主要受气温和人为干扰影响。不同海拔蚂蚁群落物种组成差异明显,大多数蚂蚁物种垂直分布范围狭窄,栖息生境、觅食场所和筑巢场所有限,在环境中表现出脆弱性。【结论】元阳梯田森林生态系统对维持蚂蚁物种多样性具有重要作用,不同海拔高度上蚂蚁群落具有差异性的生态功能和保护价值。受人为干扰影响,一些海拔高度上的蚂蚁群落稳定性降低,多数蚂蚁物种栖息生境有限并表现出脆弱性,需加强森林植被的保护以更好维持森林-梯田生态系统及其生物多样性活力。【Objective】This paper aims to reveal the relationship between ant species diversity and environmental factors in terraced field forest ecosystem.【Method】Ant community and distribution pattern of Yuanyang terraced field forest ecosystem were investigated by adopting plot-sampling method.【Result】A total of 101 species belonging to 47 genera and 10 subfamilies of Formicidae were recorded,including three new record species in China:Kartidris matertera Bolton,Pheidole planifrons Santschi and Pseudolasius zamrood Akbar et al.Technomyrmex albipes(Smith),Tapinoma melanocephalum(Fabricius)and Carebara affinis(Jerdon)are the dominant species of the ant community.The main indices of ant community showed multiple peaks with the increase of altitude,which mainly affected by air temperature and human disturbance.Species composition of communities at different altitude was significantly different.Most ant species have narrow vertical distribution range,limited habitats,foraging places and nesting sites,and show fragility in the environment.【Conclusion】It is concluded that the terraced field forest ecosystem in Yuanyang plays an important role in maintaining ant species diversity.Ant communities at different altitudes have differential ecological functions and protection values.Affected by human disturbance,the stability of ant communities at some altitudes is reduced,most ant species have limited habitats and show fragility.It is necessary to strengthen the protection of forest vegetation so as to maintain the vitality of forest-terraced field ecosystem and its biodiversity.

关 键 词：蚁科 生物多样性 群落 分布格局 梯田森林生态系统 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]