玛丽·米特福德的村庄:性别视野下的阿卡迪亚博物学  

Mary Mitford’s Village:Arcadian Natural History from the Perspective of Gender

作　　者：姜虹 JIANG Hong(Interdisciplinary Center for Culture,Science and Technology,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文化科技协同创新研发中心,四川成都610065

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第8期1-9,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“性别视野下帝国博物学研究”(项目编号:21BZX127)。

摘　　要：玛丽·米特福德延续了吉尔伯特·怀特为代表的阿卡迪亚型博物学传统,其代表作《我们的村庄》是文学与博物学完美融合的又一经典之作,以她生活的三里口村庄为背景,描述了乡村生活和大自然。她博览博物学书籍,以博物学家的好奇心和诗人的审美观察、欣赏和描述身边的自然世界,对自然充满真挚朴实的情感,从中得到慰藉和快乐。她拒绝采用18、19世纪女性博物学普及者青睐的书信体写作,但《我们的村庄》让读者与其一道漫步乡间,同样营造了浸入式的体验。她有着传统的性别观念,谦逊地对待自然和学识,拒斥学术化的自然写作。米特福德及其作品表明,无论过去还是现在,女性的阿卡迪亚博物学实践在博物学文化、生态伦理观、自然写作中都有着举足轻重的意义。Mary Mitford followed Gilbert White in the tradition of Arcadian natural history.Her Our Village was another classic of nature writing after The Natural History of Selborne,a hybrid of prose and natural history.Based on her experience living in the village of Three Mile Cross,Our Village described rural life and nature poetically and precisely.She extensively read natural history works,carefully observed plants and animals,sought solace,joy and peace in nature,and appreciated its beauty from a poet’s perspective.She refused to write Our Village in letters,the“familiar format”favored by women popularizers of natural history during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.But her proses similarly created a sense of immersive experience for her readers,inviting them to ramble with her in the countryside.Her traditional gender ideology shaped her domestic role,her modest attitude to nature and her disgust of pedantry,and led her to use the prosaic writing,instead of an academic writing.Mitford and her work suggested that women’s Acadian natural history were(and are now)pivotal in the cultures of natural history,natural writing and ecological ethics.

关 键 词：在地性 谦逊 亲切写作 博物学文化 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]