水稻花后叶面锌和尿素配施对稻米锌营养的影响  

Effects of the post-anthesis foliar application of zinc and urea on zinc nutrition of rice grains

作　　者：陈晨 张欣 户少武 顾珈名 童楷程 陈旺 景立权 王云霞[2] 杨连新 CHEN Chen;ZHANG Xin;HU Shaowu;GU Jiaming;TONG Kaicheng;CHEN Wang;JING Liquan;WANG Yunxia;YANG Lianxin(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第8期1636-1646,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31671618,31101101);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目。

摘　　要：为研究水稻花后单独叶面施锌及配施尿素对不同品种糙米和精米锌含量及生物有效性的影响及其原因,以11个种子锌含量不同的水稻品种为试验材料,于开花期、花后6 d和12 d叶面分别喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)(ZnSO_(4))和0.5%ZnSO_(4)+1%尿素(ZnSO_(4)-Urea),同期喷施等量清水作为对照,测定各品种成熟期糙米和精米的锌营养指标及花后剑叶气孔相关性状。结果表明:与精米相比,糙米的锌含量、植酸含量和植酸与锌摩尔比平均分别极显著增加31%、222%和151%。ZnSO_(4)、ZnSO_(4)-Urea处理使糙米锌含量较对照分别极显著增加28.2%和31.5%,精米锌含量分别极显著增加22.2%和27.6%。ZnSO_(4)、ZnSO_(4)-Urea处理对糙米、精米植酸含量均没有影响,但植酸与锌摩尔比均极显著降低,其中糙米两处理下均降低24.3%,精米则分别降低17.2%、20.3%。锌处理与品种或部位的互作对稻米锌含量有极显著影响,锌处理与部位的互作对植酸与锌摩尔比亦有极显著影响。相关分析表明,糙米及精米锌含量在叶面施锌后的增幅与开花期气孔导度均呈极显著正相关,而与稻米本身的锌含量呈显著负相关。由此可知,花后叶面施锌处理使稻米锌营养水平明显增加,增幅总体表现为籼稻大于粳稻,糙米大于精米,叶面锌肥与尿素配施效果更好;水稻种子锌水平低及其叶片气孔导度大均有利于叶面锌肥的吸收。This study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar zinc application alone or combination with urea on zinc concentration and bioavailability in brown and milled rice of different rice cultivars,and to explore the physiological mechanisms for genotypic differences in grain zinc nutrient enhancement.Eleven rice cultivars with different seed zinc concentrations were subjected to two foliar zinc fertilizer treatments:0.5% ZnSO_(4)alone(ZnSO_(4))or 0.5% ZnSO_(4)plus 1% urea(ZnSO_(4)-Urea).For each foliar zinc treatment,zinc fertilizer was sprayed three times:at anthesis and 6 days and 12 days after anthesis,and water was sprayed at the same time as the control.The stomatal characteristics of flag leaves of each rice cultivar were determined after anthesis.Grain zinc nutritional indexes of brown and milled rice were measured at plant maturity.The averages across all rice cultivars and foliar zinc applications for grain zinc concentration,phytic acid concentration,and molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc of brown rice were significantly higher than those of milled rice by 31%,222%,and 151%,respectively.Compared with the foliar spray of water,foliar spray of ZnSO_(4)and ZnSO_(4)-Urea significantly increased the zinc concentrations of brown rice by 28.2% and 31.5%,and those of milled rice by 22.2% and 27.6%,respectively.In contrast,foliar ZnSO_(4)and ZnSO_(4)-Urea treatments had no significant effect on grain phytic acid concentrations for both brown and milled rice,but the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc decreased significantly,in which the ratio decreased by 24.3% for both ZnSO_(4)and ZnSO_(4)-Urea treatments in brown rice,whereas in milled rice,it decreased by 17.2% with ZnSO_(4)treatment and by 20.3% with ZnSO_(4)-Urea treatment.Significant zinc treatment by rice cultivar interactions(P<0.01)were detected in zinc concentration of rice,and significant interactions(P<0.01)between zinc treatment and grain were detected in the zinc concentration of rice and molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc.The increases in zinc conc

关 键 词：水稻 锌含量 锌有效性 气孔导度 叶片结构特征 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]