设施栽培黄瓜长期连作对土壤真菌多样性的影响  

Effects of Continuous Cropping of Greenhouse Cucumber on Soil Fungal Diversity

作　　者：孙淑欣 刘慧聪 冯雪锋 张志芳[1] 贾海丽[1] SUN Shuxin;LIU Huicong;FENG Xuefeng;ZHANG Zhifang;JIA Haili(Shangqiu University,Shangqiu,Henan 476000,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2022年第3期37-44,共8页Agricultural Research and Application

摘　　要：为了解设施栽培黄瓜长期连作中土壤真菌种群组成的变化,以设施大棚黄瓜连作5年、12年土壤和大田土壤为材料,经稀释平板法分离纯化,形态学鉴定,大田土样共分离出了75株菌株,黄瓜连作5年的土样分离出96株菌株,黄瓜连作12年的土样分离出236株菌株,共包含12属31种真菌,其中大田土样鉴定出10属17个种,设施黄瓜连作5年的土样初步鉴定出8属15个种,设施黄瓜连作12年的土样初步鉴定出5属16个种,连作12年新增致病菌镰孢属,同时曲霉属和串珠霉属菌株大量增加。研究发现,连作年限增加,土壤中真菌属水平种类逐渐减少,数量逐渐增加,多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均逐渐降低,同时连作年限越长,土壤真菌种群组成间相似性指数越低,大田和连作5年土壤相似性指数为0.49,连作5年与连作12年土壤为0.27,而大田和连作12年土壤相似性指数仅0.033。结果表明,长期连作严重破坏土壤真菌群落的组成,致病菌增加,易引起病害。To understand the changes of soil fungal population composition in long-term continuous cropping of cucumber under facility cultivation,the field soil and greenhouse soil in which cucumber were planted for 5 and 12 years were used as test materials.Through separation and purification by dilution plate method,identification by morphological techniques,it was shown that a total of 75 strains were isolated from the field soil samples,96 strains were isolated from the soil samples of cucumber continuous cropping for 5 years,236 strains were isolated from soil samples of cucumber continuous cropping for 12 years,including 31 species of fungi belonging to 12 genera,and 17 species belonging to 10 genera were identified from the field soil samples.15 species belonging to 8 genera were preliminarily identified in soil samples of cucumber continuous cropping for 5 years,and 16 species belonging to 5 genera were preliminarily identified in soil samples of cucumber continuous cropping for 12 years.After 12 years of continuous cropping,fusarium and Aspergillus and Moniliforme strains increased significantly.The study found that with the increase of continuous cropping years,the species of fungi in soil gradually decreased,and the number gradually increased;the diversity index,evenness index and richness index all decreased gradually,and the similarity index between soil fungal population composition decreased.The soil similarity index between field soil and 5-year continuous cropping soil was 0.49,between 5-year and 12-year continuous cropping soil was 0.27,and between field soil and 12-year continuous cropping soil was only 0.033.The results showed that long-term continuous cropping seriously damaged the composition of soil fungal community,increased pathogenic bacteria,and easily caused diseases.

关 键 词：设施栽培 黄瓜 连作 真菌 多样性指数 均匀度 丰富度 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]