12个鲜食枣在昆明地区栽培评价研究  

Research on cultivation evaluation of 12 fresh jujube varieties in Kunming area

作　　者：纪晴 谢正万 王睿芳 李孙洋 徐玉梅 罗光瑾 张傲 周军 袁亚飞 王大玮 胡孟豪 Ji Qing;Xie Zhengwan;Wang Ruifang;Li Sunyang;Xu Yumei;Luo Guangjin;Zhang Ao;Zhou Jun;Yuan Yafei;Wang Dawei;Hu Menghao(College of Agriculture and Forestry,Pu’er University,Puer 665000,China;School of Biological Science and Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Pu'er Bureau of Forestry and Grassland,Puer 665000,China;College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]普洱学院农林学院,云南普洱665000 [2]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]云南省普洱市林业和草原局,云南普洱665000 [4]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期65-74,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划项目(202101AU070030);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2021J0520)。

摘　　要：[目的]对云南省昆明市宜良县引进的12个鲜食枣品种进行栽培评价研究,采用避雨栽培技术筛选出适宜云南栽培的优良枣品种。[方法]通过对引进的12个鲜食枣品种的果实部分生长发育指标和主要果实品质性状进行测定,包括座果率、纵横径、总糖、总酸、VC、可溶性固形物、硬度、单果重及单株产量,并利用SPSS软件进行数据差异显著性、相关性和主成分分析,对果实主要品质性状展开比较和综合评价,以筛选出适宜云南栽培的优良枣品种。[结果]12个枣品种之间的座果率差异显著,小米枣的花序座果率和果实座果率均最高,分别为23.46%和10.56%,花序座果率最低的早脆王则仅为5.95%,其果实座果率也仅为2.52%;枣果形成后,先进入果实纵横径迅速增长期,大部分品种在白熟期前后,果实纵横径基本不再变化,开始进入果实营养物质积累期;大部分枣品种的果实总糖含量较为丰富,北京郎家园枣总糖含量最高为33.52%,红螺脆枣最低为9.36%;各枣品种的果实总酸含量都不高,红螺脆枣的果实总酸含量最高也仅达到了1.24%,七月鲜最低为0.40%;不同品种间的果实VC含量、可溶性固形物、果实硬度差异较大,北京房山枣的果实VC含量最高,达到了3.75 mg·g^(-1),早脆王的果实VC含量较低,仅有1.3 mg·g^(-1);马牙枣可溶性固形物含量最高为34.75%,灵武长枣4号最低为24.20%;北京房山枣的果实硬度最大为11.37 kg·cm^(-2),七月鲜和小米枣的果实硬度最低仅有5.23 kg·cm^(-2)和5.29 kg·cm^(-2)。对12个枣品种品质进行主成分分析得出:灵武长枣4号、关公枣、灵武长枣3号、月光枣的排名较高,综合品质优良。[结论]灵武长枣4号、关公枣、灵武长枣3号、月光枣可作为云南地区主要引进品种进行栽培;茶壶枣可作为观赏品种推广栽培;关公枣和北京房山枣VC含量丰富,可作为特色品种进行栽培,也可进行深加工,充分利用�[Objective]In order to screen out the elite jujube varieties suitable for cultivation in Yunnan,we conducted a cultivation evaluation study on 12 fresh jujube varieties introduced from Yiliang County in Kunming City of Yunnan Province using rain shelter cultivation technology.[Methods]The measurement was carried out to determine the fruit growth and development indicators and main fruit quality traits of the 12 imported fresh jujube varieties,including fruit setting rate,vertical and horizontal diameter,total sugar,total acid,VC,soluble solids,hardness,single fruit weight and yield per tree.The SPSS software was used for the significant difference analysis,the correlation and principal component analysis.The main fruit quality traits were compared and comprehensively evaluated to screen out the elite jujube varieties suitable for cultivation in Yunnan.[Results]The results showed that the fruit setting rates among the 12 jujube varieties were significantly different.The inflorescence setting rate and fruit setting rate of Xiaomizao were both the the highest at 23.46%and 10.56%,respectively,while the lowest inflorescence setting rate and the fruit setting rate were observed with Zaocuiwang at 5.95%and 2.52%,respectively.After the jujube fruits were initiated,they entered the period of rapid growth of the vertical and horizontal diameter of the fruit until the white ripening stage when most of the varieties did not change the vertical and horizontal diameter of the fruit before and after this stage,then the fruit nutrient accumulation stage began.Most jujube varieties had relatively high total sugar content.The total sugar content of Beijing Langjiayuanzao was the highest at 33.52%,and the lowest was 9.36%in Hongluocuizao.The total acid content of various jujube varieties was relatively low with the highest content of 1.24%observed with Hongluocuizao and the lowest in Qiyuexian at 0.40%.The VC content,soluble solids,and fruit hardness of different varieties were quite different.The VC content of Beijing Fangshanzao

关 键 词：枣品种 引种试验 栽培评价 良种筛选 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]