多介质环境重金属污染调查评价——以某典型铅冶炼地块为例  

Investigation and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Multimedia Environment——Taking A Typical Lead Smelting Site as An Example

作　　者：孙刚 张耀 王琪 凌海波 刘针延 SUN Gang;ZHANG Yao;WANG Qi;LING Haibo;LIU Zhenyan(Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省生态环境科学研究院(省生态环境工程评估中心),武汉430072 [2]国家环境保护土壤健康诊断与绿色修复重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2022年第8期177-186,共10页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804003)。

摘　　要：以湖北某典型铅冶炼地块为研究对象,对地块内土壤、地下水、废水、地表水、废渣、建筑物等多介质环境进行污染调查,通过地质勘察、样品采集与分析等手段揭示了该地块多介质环境重金属污染的空间分布与污染成因。结果表明,研究地块表层土壤样品Cd和Pb酸浸出浓度超标,表层土壤具有危险废物特性。土壤铅污染主要集中在表层,最大超标深度为1 m, Cd相对于Pb更容易向土壤下层运移,最大超标深度为6.5 m,深层土壤超标区域主要集中在水渣堆场、除尘区、地下烟道区;地下水Cd的点位超标率为50%;沟渠积水和水池废水中Cd含量超《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)第一类污染物最高容许排放浓度;除尘区建筑地坪、烟道壁、烟道灰和部分遗留废渣Cd或Pb的酸浸出液超标。该地块内Cd随地表径流迁移至周边环境,可能造成土壤和地表水二次污染,具有较大的环境风险。Taking a typical lead smelting plot in Hubei province as the research object,the pollution of soil,groundwater,wastewater,surface water,waste residue,buildings and other multi-media environment in the plot was investigated.The spatial distribution and causes of heavy metal pollution in the multi-media environment of the plot were revealed through geological survey,sample collection and analysis.The results showed that the acid leaching concentration of Cd and Pb in the surface soil samples of the study plot exceeded the standard,and the surface soil had the characteristics of hazardous waste.The pollution of lead in soil was mainly concentrated in the surface layer,with a maximum exceeding depth of 1 m.Compared with Pb,Cd was easier to migrate to the lower layer of the soil,and the maximum exceeding depth is 6.5 m.The excessive areas of deep soil were mainly concentrated in water slag dumps,dust removal areas,and underground flue.The over-standard rate of Cd in groundwater was 50%,and Cd concentration in ditch water and pool wastewater exceeded the maximum allowable discharge concentration of Category I pollutants in the"Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard"(GB 8978—1996).Cd and Pb acid leaching solution concentration on the building floor,flue wall,flue ash and part of the remaining waste residue in the dust removal area exceeded the standard.Cd in this plot migrates to the surrounding environment with surface runoff,which may cause secondary pollution of soil and surface water,has great environmental risk.

关 键 词：土壤 地表水 废渣 建筑物 重金属 污染调查 

分 类 号：X8[环境科学与工程—环境工程]