传声器阵列声压级在线校准  

An investigation on real-time calibration of microphone array sound pressure level

作　　者：陈勇 吴鸣[2] 杨军[1,2] CHEN Yong;WU Ming;YANG Jun(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research,Institute of Acoustics,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院声学研究所噪声与振动重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《应用声学》2022年第4期626-633,共8页Journal of Applied Acoustics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11804365)。

摘　　要：在户外环境中对某一目标噪声源进行声压级测量时,单个传声器不能在多声源干扰情况下有效监测目标信号。为了有效抑制非目标信号的干扰,通常利用传声器阵列进行波束形成从而对目标信号进行增强。MEMS传声器阵列由于体积小、价格低等优点而得到广泛使用。然而MEMS器件的工艺误差和灵敏度退化问题会导致波束形成滤波器的性能下降,从而影响声压级的测量结果。为了解决这一问题,该文介绍了一种通过补偿参考传声器与传声器阵列之间的声压级偏差从而在线校准的方法。该方法利用到达时间差声源定位方法在时频点上对实时采集的信号进行有效挑选,并利用参考传声器的标准频响特性去修正阵列的声压级测量值。为了验证方法的可行性,该文通过实验比较了不同环境噪声干扰下的与无干扰条件下的声压级差的一致性,结果证明该校准方法具有较高的精确性和鲁棒性,并且可推广于任意一种阵型的传声器阵列噪声监测装置。Since a single microphone cannot select the efficient target signal from a mixed sound source when measuring the sound pressure level of a target noise source in an outdoor environment,the microphone array is used to enhance the target signal by beamforming so as to restrain the interference of non-target signals effectively.Due to the advantage of small size and low price,MEMS microphone arrays are widely used,but the MEMS microphone mismatch is a common phenomenon which naturally arises from production tolerances as well as from aging effects in the long run.In order to calibrate the sound pressure level measurement error caused by the microphone mismatch when outdoor noise monitoring is performed,a real-time calibration method were introduced in this paper by compensating the sound pressure level difference between the reference microphone and the MEMS microphone array.The time difference of arrival(TDOA)sound source localization algorithm was utilized to select effective target signal component on time-frequency domain,and the standard transfer functions of the reference microphone was utilized to correct the sound pressure level measurement bias of the array.In order to verify the feasibility of the method,this paper compared the consistency of the sound pressure level difference between the multi-noise environment and the single noise environment through experiments.The calibration method expressed a good accuracy and robustness by results,and can be applied to any type of microphone array sound source localization device.

关 键 词：户外噪声监测 波束形成 在线声压级校准 MEMS传声器阵列 到达时间差声源定位 

分 类 号：TB52.8[理学—物理]