超级稻品种南粳5718高产的光合生理特性研究  

Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of high yield super rice variety Nanjing 5718

作　　者：魏晓东[1] 张亚东[1] 宋雪梅 陈涛[1] 朱镇[1] 赵庆勇[1] 赵凌[1] 路凯 梁文化[1] 赫磊 黄胜东[1] 谢寅峰[2] 王才林[1] WEI Xiao-Dong;ZHANG Ya-Dong;SONG Xue-Mei;CHEN Tao;ZHU Zhen;ZHAO Qin-Yong;ZHAO Ling;LU Kai;LIANG Wen-Hua;HE Lei;HUANG Sheng-Dong;XIE Yin-Feng;WANG Cai-Lin(Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center/Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Nanjing Forestry University/Co-Innovation Center for Sustain-able Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/江苏省优质水稻工程技术研究中心/国家水稻改良中心南京分中心,江苏南京210014 [2]南京林业大学/南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第11期2879-2890,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-67);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021301);江苏省科技服务专项(KF[20]1001);江苏省种业创新基金项目(PZCZ201703)资助。

摘　　要：南粳5718是2019年通过江苏省审定的优良食味粳稻品种,2021年被农业农村部确认为超级稻。研究其产量构成特点、光合特性及其生理基础,有助于解析超级稻品种的光合特征并通过遗传改良提高水稻的光合性能,为粳稻高产育种和栽培提供理论依据。本研究以南粳5718父母本及目前大面积推广的相同生育类型水稻品种淮稻5号为对照,研究了南粳5718从孕穗始期剑叶全展时到开花后35 d植株地上部分干物重、剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、光系统Ⅱ (PSⅡ)的光化学特性、核心天线蛋白的表达量变化、光合酶活性变化、叶绿体超微结构等特性。结果表明,南粳5718叶片色素含量高,与父本盐粳608接近,生育后期干物重、剑叶净光合速率、PSⅡ电子传递活性显著高于父母本和淮稻5号, PSⅡ光能转化性能优越,核心天线蛋白CP43、CP47在强光高温下较稳定,且调整能力优于父母本和淮稻5号,剑叶中RuBP羧化酶活性较高,光合同化产物含量高,叶绿体结构稳定,出现衰老特征晚,叶绿体衰败速度慢。本研究表明超级稻南粳5718剑叶良好的光合性能是高产特性形成的基础,光系统蛋白质的高活性和性能是提高叶片光合功能的主要因素,叶绿体结构的稳定性是叶片高光效的有力保障。Nanjing 5718 is a rice variety with good eating quality approved by Jiangsu province in 2019 and was confirmed as super rice by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs in 2021. Studying its yield composition characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, and physiological basis can be helpful to investigate photosynthetic traits of super rice variety, improve its photosynthetic performance through genetic improvement, and provide the theoretical basis for high-yield breeding and cultivation of japonica rice. In this study, the parents of Nanjing 5718 and Huaidao 5, a widely popularized rice variety with the same growth period type, as the control, dry weight of aboveground of plant, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rates, and photochemical characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ), core antenna protein expression, photosynthetic enzyme activities, and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated in Nanjing 5718 from full expansion of flag leaves at the beginning of booting to 35 days after flowering. The results showed the pigment contents of the leaves in Nanjing 5718 were higher, which were close to male parent Yanjing 608. The net photosynthetic rates, dry weight, and PSⅡ electron transfer activities of flag leaves at the late growth stage were significantly higher in Nanjing 5718 than those in parents and Huaidao 5. The light energy conversion performance of PSⅡ was superior. The core antenna protein CP43 and CP47 were more stable under strong light and high temperature, and their adjustment ability of Nanjing 5718 was better than that of parents and Huaidao 5. In addition, the activities of RuBP carboxylase in flag leaves were higher, the contents of photosynthetic products were higher, the chloroplast structure was more stable, the senescence characteristics appeared later, and the chloroplast decay rates were slower in Nanjing 5718, compared with parents and Huaidao 5. The results indicated that high photosynthetic performance of flag leaves was the basis for the formation of high yield cha

关 键 词：水稻 高产 光合生理 PSⅡ 叶绿体结构 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]