施钾量对夏玉米维管组织结构与物质运输性能的影响  

Effect of potassium application on vascular tissue structure and material transport properties in summer maize(Zea mays L.)

作　　者：宋杰 任昊 赵斌[1] 张吉旺[1] 任佰朝 李亮 王少祥 黄金苓 刘鹏[1] SONG Jie;REN Hao;ZHAO Bin;ZHANG Ji-Wang;REN Bai-Zhao;LI Liang;WANG Shao-Xiang;HUANG Jin-Ling;LIU Peng(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Dongping County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Tai’an 271500,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]东平县农业农村局,山东泰安271500

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第11期2908-2919,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08)资助。

摘　　要：大田试验于2020和2021年在山东省泰安市东平农科所进行,以登海605 (Denghai 605, DH605)为试验材料,在统一的氮、磷肥用量(N 225 kg hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5) 110 kg hm^(-2))条件下开展钾肥梯度试验,分别设置K_(0) (0 kg hm^(-2))、K_(1) (150 kg hm^(-2))、K_(2) (225 kg hm^(-2))、K_(3) (300 kg hm^(-2))和K_(4) (375 kg hm^(-2)) 5个钾肥(K_(2)O)施用量,研究施钾量对夏玉米维管系统结构和物质运输性能的影响。结果表明,玉米叶片厚度、叶脉横截面积和木质部面积随施钾量的增加先升高后降低, 2020年和2021年分别在K_(2)和K_(3)时达到最大。施钾显著提高了玉米基部茎节和穗柄的横截面积、大小维管束数目和面积,茎秆维管束面积占横截面积之比在K_(2)处理最大,而穗柄维管束面积占比则以K_(2)、K_(4)处理显著高于其他处理。穗轴维管束数目和面积随钾肥的施入呈先升高后降低的趋势,K_(2)、K_(3)处理的维管束总面积显著高于其他处理。施钾显著提高了茎秆、穗柄伤流强度,灌浆期在K_(2)处理下最高。相关分析表明,茎秆维管束总数及其总面积、穗柄维管束总数及其总面积与籽粒产量显著正相关;穗轴大维管束数目和穗轴维管束总面积与千粒重显著正相关。综合上述结果,本试验条件下施钾量为225 kg K_(2)O hm^(-2)时可促进玉米叶、茎、穗中维管系统的发育,提高伤流强度,增强“流”系统的通畅性,进而提高夏玉米籽粒产量。Field experiments were conducted at the Dongping Agricultural Science Institute,Tai’an city,Shandong province from 2020 to 2021,using Denghai 605(DH605)as the experimental material.The objective of the study is to explore the effects of K application on vascular system structure and material transport properties in summer maize,five K_(2)O application rates of 0 kg hm^(-2)(K_(0)),150 kg hm^(-2)(K_(1)),225 kg hm^(-2)(K_(2)),300 kg hm^(-2)(K_(3)),and 375 kg hm^(-2)(K_(4))were set under uniform N and P fertilizer rates(N 225 kg hm^(-2) and P_(2)O_(5) 110 kg hm^(-2)).The results showed that maize leaf thickness,leaf vein cross-sectional area,and xylem area increased and then decreased with the increase of K application rates,and reached the maximum at K_(3) treatment.K application significantly increased the cross-sectional area,the number and area of small and big vascular bundles at the basal stalk and ear-pedicel in maize.The ratio of stalk vascular area to cross-sectional area reached the highest value at K_(2) treatment,while the ratio of ear-pedicel vascular was significantly higher in K_(2) and K_(4) treatments than in other treatments.The number and area of vascular bundles of ear-axis revealed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with K fertilization,and the total area of vascular bundles was significantly higher in K_(2) and K_(3) treatments than in other treatments.K application significantly increased the bleeding intensity of stem and ear-pedicel,both of which were the highest under K_(2) treatment at filling stage.Correlation analysis revealed that the total area and number of vascular bundles of the stem,the total area and total number of vascular bundles of the ear-pedicel were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield.The total area of vascular bundles of ear-axis were significantly and positively correlated with 1000-grain weight.In conclusion,K_(2) conditions promoted the development of the vascular systems in the leaves,stems,and ears of maize,increased the bleeding sap

关 键 词：施钾量 夏玉米 维管束系统 伤流强度 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]