华南籼稻高效育种——从“早晚兼用型”到“常恢兼用型”水稻育种  

Efficient Rice Breeding in South China——From Early-late Season Double-cropping Rice Breeding to Variety-restorer Line Rice Breeding

作　　者：李宏[1] 周少川[1] 黄道强[1] 王重荣[1] 王志东[1] 陈宜波[1] 赵雷 龚蓉 潘阳阳 LI Hong;ZHOU Shaochuan;HUANG Daoqiang;WANG Chongrong;WANG Zhidong;CHEN Yibo;ZHAO Lei;GONG Rong;PAN Yangyang(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第7期1-7,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系水稻产业创新团队项目(2021KJ105);岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室科研项目(NT2021001);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202111TD)。

摘　　要：以华南籼稻育种为主题,综述育种效率高的“早晚兼用型”水稻育种和“常恢兼用型”水稻育种。早晚兼用型水稻育种在品种培育上成效显著,甚至影响了水稻的育种和生产模式;常恢兼用型水稻育种是对早晚兼用型水稻育种的继承和发展,并取得了突出成效,育成了极具影响力的品种黄华占、黄莉占、黄广油占、黄粤丝苗、五山油占(华占)、五山丝苗等,在南方稻区的水稻生产中发挥着重要作用。其中,黄华占通过广东、湖南、湖北等8省审定,是我国年度推广面积最大的籼稻品种;华占共配组142个组合,252次通过各级审定,是配组组合最多的恢复系;五山丝苗通过广东、陕西等4省审定,共配组47个组合,88次通过各级审定。以晶两优534、隆两优华占等两系杂交稻组合为例证,提出并倡导在南方稻区进行杂交稻育种的新策略:在华南培育精品恢复系,在南方不同生态区创制适合所在生态区的不育系,并配组成优势互补的强势组合,形成合作共赢、协同发展和高效互补的整体水稻育种格局。The breeding of early-late season double-cropping rice and variety-restorer line rice with high efficiency in South China were reviewed.Early-late season double-cropping rice breeding has achieved remarkable results,and has even affected breeding and production mode of rice.The breeding of variety-restorer line rice succeeded and expanded that of early-late season double-cropping rice.Outstanding achievement was made in variety-restorer line rice breeding,and several varieties such as Huanghuazhan,Huanglizhan,Huangguangyouzhan,Huangyuesimiao,Wushanyouzhan(Huazhan),Wushansimikao with great impact played an important role in rice production in South China.Among them,Huanghuazhan has been registered in 8 provinces such as Guangdong,Hunan,Hubei,and it was the indica variety with largest promotion area in China per year.A total of 142 combinations from Huazhan has been registered at different levels for 252 times,and it was top 1 restorer line in combination amount.Wushansimiao has been registered in 4 provinces such as Guangdong and Shaanxi.A total of 47 combinations from Wushansimniao has been registered at different levels for 88 times.Taking twoline hybrid combinations such as“Jingliangyou 534”and“Longliangyouhuazhan”as example,the study put forward and advocated strategies for rice breeding:restorer lines would be cultivated in South China and the sterile lines would be developed in different ecological regions,hybrid combinations with strong advantage could be bred to form an overall layout with win-win cooperation,coordinated development,efficiency and complementation.

关 键 词：早晚兼用型水稻 常恢兼用型水稻 常规稻 杂交稻 育种策略 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]