白柿在广东地区的引种表现及栽培技术  

Introduction Performance and Cultivation Techniques of White Sapote in Guangdong Area

作　　者：吴雅倩 李娟[2] 涂攀峰 刘金养 陈杰忠[1] 姚青[1] WU Yaqian;LI Juan;TU Panfeng;LIU Jinyang;CHEN Jiezhong;YAO Qing(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642 [2]仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院,广东广州510225

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第7期42-48,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省农业农村厅乡村振兴战略专项(2020-440000-02160800-8563);广东省科技计划项目(2018B020202009);广东省柑橘芒果产业技术体系专项(2019KJ108)。

摘　　要：【目的】国内白柿规模化种植正处于起步阶段,有关白柿在广东地区的适应性尚不明确。明确白柿在广东栽培的物候期、开花结实习性,并总结其栽培技术,可为白柿大规模种植提供指导。【方法】以白柿品种W4为材料,观察该品种植物学特性、物候期、果实生长规律、落果情况及果实品质,并从建园、肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治、果实采收等方面阐述其优质栽培技术。【结果】白柿花期在1月下旬至2月初,一年中枝梢生长存在3次生长高峰,分别在4月、6月、9月,11月至翌年2月为缓慢生长期。果实生长发育过程中存在3次落果高峰,分别在3月中旬、4月中旬以及5—6月的采前落果。果实生长符合“单S型”生长曲线,果实近球形或扁球形,平均单果质量148.93 g,果形指数0.83,果实入口即化,可食率达79.7%,可溶性固形物含量20.36%,固酸比为45.83。白柿树体较耐寒,可耐-2~-4℃低温,高于广东最冷月(1月份)的平均气温,可在广东大部分地区栽培种植。【结论】白柿品种W4在广州生长势良好、适应性强、单果质量大、风味佳、品质优,在市场上有较高经济效益,是一种具有种植潜力的新兴果树树种,但在栽培上应注意防治炭疽病和煤污病。白柿适合在广东地区土质疏松、排灌良好的坡地种植,幼树应进行矮化处理、注意控制树形。【Objective】The large-scale cultivation of white sapote in China is in its initial stage,and the adaptability of white sapote in Guangdong is not clear yet.Clarifying the phenology of white sapote in Guangdong as well as its flowering and fruiting habits and summarizing cultivation techniques can provide guidance for the large-scale cultivation of white sapote.【Method】A white sapote cultivar ’W4’ was used as the research material to observe its botanical characteristics,phenology,fruit growth law,fruit setting and fruit quality.The key points of its high-quality cultivation techniques were expounded from aspects of garden construction,fertilizer and water management,shaping and pruning,pest control and fruit harvesting.【Result】The flowering period of white sapote on was from late January to early February,and there were three growth peaks of shoot growth in April,June and September,respectively.The slow growth period was from November to next February.During fruit growth and development,there were three fruit-dropping peaks,which were in mid-March,mid-April and May to June before harvest.The average fruit weight is 148.93 g,and the shape index is 0.83.The fruit melts in the mouth like ice cream,the edible rate is 79.7%,the soluble solid content is 20.36%,and the solid acid ratio is 45.83.White sapote can withstand a low temperature of-2--4℃,which is higher than the average temperature of the coldest month(January) in Guangdong.Therefore,it can be cultivated in most areas of Guangdong.【Conclusion】This variety has good growth potential,strong adaptability,large single fruit quality,good flavor and excellent quality,and has high economic benefit in the market.It is a new fruit variety with planting potential.Attention should be paid to preventing anthracnose and sooty blotch in cultivation.White sapote is suitable for planting on the slope with loose soil and good drainage and irrigation in Guangdong.Dwarfing treatment should be done and tree shape be controlled for young trees.

关 键 词：白柿 生物学特性 枝梢生长 物候期 果实品质 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]