国家重点生态功能区县域地表水环境质量评估分析  

Evaluation of Surface Water Environment Quality in Counties of National Key Ecological Function Areas

作　　者：翟德超 高锡章[1,3] 刘海江 许杰[1,2] 李飞 孙聪 ZHAI Dechao;GAO Xizhang;LIU Haijiang;XU Jie;LI Fei;SUN Cong(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100012,China;Information Center,Department of Ecology and Environment of Qinghai Province,Xining 810000,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210023 [4]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012 [5]青海省生态环境厅信息中心,青海西宁810000 [6]国家环境保护青藏高原生态环境监测与评估重点实验室,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2022年第4期56-64,共9页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571391);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500205);“昆仑英才高端创新人才”培养人才项目。

摘　　要：评估国家重点生态功能区县域的水环境保护成效,对国家生态环境保护与修复决策具有重要意义。基于2012—2020年地表水监测数据及污水排放和气候数据,评估并分析了国家重点生态功能区县域的地表水环境状况。研究表明,2012—2020年国家重点生态功能区县域地表水水质持续改善,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面的比例从89.14%上升到93.47%,但部分地区地表水环境质量仍有待提升,尤其是内蒙古北部、山西西部、陕西北部和京津冀地区。4类生态功能区中,生物多样性维护区地表水水质最好,其次为水源涵养区,再次为水土保持区,防风固沙区最差。化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数是国家重点生态功能区县域地表水的主要超标项,2012—2020年该两项指标超标断面占总超标断面的比例的多年平均值分别为24.22%和17.29%。县域年化学需氧量排放量及年降水量是影响相关地区地表水环境质量的重要因素。建议增加总氮作为国家重点生态功能区县域地表水质量评价指标,并在进行水环境评价时充分考虑当地的背景情况。It is of great significance to evaluate the effect of water environment quality protection in counties of national key ecological function areas(NKEFA).The surface water environment in counties of NKEFA was evaluated and analyzed,based on the surface water monitoring data,sewage discharge and climatic materials from 2012 to 2020.Results showed that the water environment quality in countries of NKEFA continued to improve from 2012 to 2020,and the proportion ofⅠ-Ⅲclasses surface water sites rose from 89.14%to 93.47%.However,the surface water environment in some areas needed to be improved,especially in northern Inner Mongolia,western Shanxi,northern Shaanxi and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions.Among the four ecological function areas,the biodiversity maintenance area had the best surface water quality,followed by the water resource conservation area,the third was the soil and water conservation area,and the worst was the windbreak and sand fixation area.Chemical oxygen demand and Permanganate index were the main items exceeding the standard of surface water in counties of NKEFA,and the multi-year average ratio of over-standard sites containing these two items to total over-standard sites was 24.22%and 17.29%,respectively from 2012-2020.Annual chemical oxygen demand discharge in wastewater and annual precipitation were important factors affecting the surface water environment.It was suggested to increase the total nitrogen as the evaluation index of surface water quality in counties of NKEFA and fully consider the local environment background when evaluating the surface water environment quality.

关 键 词：国家重点生态功能区 县域 地表水环境 评估 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]