论我国浮动担保的农村金融公平保障功能  

The Guarantee Function of Floating Charge for Rural Financial Equity in China

作　　者：邵辉 徐冬根[1] SHAO Hui;XU Donggen(Koguan Law School,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期109-117,共9页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Social Science)

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重点项目“资本市场对外开放的外源性风险及其法律对策研究”(20AFX021)。

摘　　要：浮动担保基于英美法上财产权的权利分离原则,在时间维度上将担保物的所有权分裂为现在所有权和将来所有权,使物的使用价值与交换价值从被约束的固定状态释放出来,是一种可以将资产“活化”的制度设计。我国交易主体的实践表明,浮动担保可以扩大农村小微企业和农户财产的担保范围,节约交易成本,充分利用担保物的未来价值,发挥浮动担保交易的灵活性优势。浮动担保制度自《物权法》正式引入到《民法典》再次规定以来,发挥了重要的社会功能,主要体现在两个方面:一是浮动担保作为实现农村普惠金融的信用类金融基础设施,二是浮动担保充当了缓解农村融资双方信息不对称的制度性信任机制。相较于英美法系浮动担保过度重视效率的价值倾向,《民法典》中的浮动抵押结合中国农村中小企业和农民的融资实践,着力于解决农村金融排斥和农民金融权利贫困,更强调追求金融公平,发生了明显的价值转向,有利于提高对农村金融弱势群体的金融包容度,促进国家金融公平的法律实现。Floating charge releases the use value and exchange value of property from the constrained fixed state,which is an institution design that can“activate”enterprise assets.The practice of floating charge in the financial transaction shows that floating charge can expand the guarantee scope of rural small and micro enterprises and farmers’property,saving transaction costs,making full use of the future value of collateral and giving full play to the flexibility advantage of floating charge transaction.The floating charge institution has played an important social role since the Property Law of the People’s Republic of China was formally introduced,then into the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China for restatement,which is mainly reflected in two aspects:first,the floating charge serves as the credit financial infrastructure to realize rural inclusive finance;second,the floating charge serves as an institutional trust mechanism to alleviate the information asymmetry between rural financing parties.Compared with the efficiency first of the floating charge in Anglo-American law system,the floating charge in the Chinese law system,combined with the financing practice of small and me-dium-sized enterprises and farmers in rural China,focuses on solving the rural financial exclusion and poverty of farmers’financial rights,and emphasizes the value of financial equity,which leads to an obvious value shift,which is conducive to improving the financial tolerance of rural financial disad-vantaged groups and promoting the legal realization of whole national financial equity.

关 键 词：浮动担保 金融公平 金融贫困 农村金融 

分 类 号：F832.35[经济管理—金融学]