试论博物馆开放获取及其著作权问题  

On the Open Access of Museum and the Issue of Its Copyright

作　　者：李梦凡 黄明玉[1] Li Mengfan;Huang Mingyu

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学,北京100083

出　　处：《博物馆管理》2022年第2期50-58,共9页Museum Management

摘　　要：随着数字技术的发展和互联网的勃兴,博物馆官方网站承担起更多教育作用,公共文化资源的传播得以向时空双重路径扩展。自2011年荷兰国立博物馆开始向公众开放其藏品数字资源至今,世界范围内已有数十家文博机构实施了不同程度的开放获取,使之成为博物馆未来发展的趋势之一。本文首先梳理了开放获取的由来,并探讨了博物馆为什么要实施开放获取政策;随后进一步讨论著作权问题对开放获取的重要影响,并对欧洲、美国和我国博物馆界对开放获取的态度和实践进行调研与对比,通过分析不同的发展历程与发展方式,总结发展经验。With the development of digital technology and the booming of the Internet, the museum’s official website plays a more educational role, and the dissemination of public cultural resources can be expanded both in space and time. Since Rijksmuseum began to open its collection digital resources to the public in 2011, dozens of cultural institutions around the world have implemented open access on various levels, making it one of the future trends in museum development. This paper firstly sorts out the origin of open access and discusses why museums should implement open access policy. Then it further discusses the important impact of copyright on open access, investigates and compares the attitudes and practices of museums in Europe, the United States and China, and summarizes the development experience by analyzing different development processes and modes.

关 键 词：开放获取 博物馆 著作权 公有领域作品 

分 类 号：G260.7[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]