西方重农学派政治思想研究的历史嬗变  

The Historical Evolution of Studies on the Political Thought of the Physiocratic School in the West

作　　者：张慧 Zhang Hui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,100101

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2022年第4期86-96,159,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：重农学派政治思想研究经历了一个从隐晦到鲜明的历史过程,这同时也是一个解释向度从单调到多元的拓展过程。18世纪中后期,关于重农学派政治思想的理解受制于革命语境,重农学派政治思想被认定为绝对主义甚至专制主义学说。至19世纪中期,学界开始探寻重农学派政治思想与法国大革命之间的承脉关系。随着共和制的确立、政治环境的稳定和理性科学的进步,关于重农学派政治思想的史料编撰和实证研究得到推进。第二次世界大战结束后,在马克思主义史学兴盛的背景下,重农学派政治思想得到新的解释,呈现出推动社会变革的进步色彩。20世纪70年代以来,法国大革命传统史学遭遇危机,重农学派政治思想在修正史学的研究路径中丰富发展,并在当代多学科交叉的视域下不断深化。The study of political thought of the Physiocratic school has experienced a historical process from obscure to clear,which is also a process of expansion from a monolithic to pluralistic interpretation. In the mid-to-late eighteenth century,the Physiocrats were constrained by the revolutionary context,and their political thought was often identified as absolutism or even despotism. By the mid-nineteenth century,academic circles began to explore the relationship between the political thought of Physiocrats and the French Revolution. With the establishment of the Republic,the stability of the political environment,and the progress of rational science,studies of the topic advanced as historians compiled historical data and conducted empirical research. After the end of the World War II,under the background of the flourishing of Marxist historiography,historians paid renewed attentions to the political thought of the physiocrats and argued that it contained a progressive element of promoting social changes. Since the 1970s,the traditional historiography of the French Revolution has encountered a crisis,and studies of the political thought of the Physiocrats have been enriched and developed with the revisionist historiography and have further been deepened under the rise of interdisciplinary approaches in contemporary scholarly disciplines.

关 键 词：重农学派 政治思想 马克思主义 自由主义 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]