基于CROPWAT的滇中南部水稻灌溉制度研究  

Irrigation Schedule of Rice Based on CROPWAT Model in Southern Central Yunnan

作　　者：段琪彩 王树鹏 张雷 罗应培 戚娜 DUAN Qicai;WANG Shupeng;ZHANG Lei;LUO Yingpei;QI Na(Yunnan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Kunming 650228,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省水利水电科学研究院,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《人民珠江》2022年第8期78-82,共5页Pearl River

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(2015BB019)。

摘　　要：为进一步复核滇中南部建水水稻灌溉定额标准的合理性,基于建水气象站1958—2013年观测数据和建水灌溉试验点2016—2018年稻季试验成果,在对CROPWAT模型中作物、土壤参数校准的基础上,模拟了水稻泡田水量和本田期灌水量过程,并以全生育期灌水量为样本进行排频,通过典型年法拟定了水稻灌溉制度。结果显示,在保证率P=50%、P=75%、P=90%条件下,建水水稻全生育期灌溉定额分别为510.1、591.1、651.2 mm,其中泡田定额分别为185.3、209.2、213.9 mm,本田期灌溉定额分别为324.8、381.9、437.3 mm;本田期灌水次数分别为8、9、10次,灌水定额在20.3~46.7 mm。滇中南部建水现行标准中水稻泡田定额在240.0~255.0 mm,本田期P=50%、P=75%、P=90%的灌溉定额分别在427.5~435.0、487.5~502.5、540.0~562.5 mm,现阶段执行的定额标准基本合理,但是从节约用水、保护水资源的角度考虑,水稻灌溉仍有一定的节水空间。This study is conducted to further review the rationality of the standard for rice irrigation quotas in Jianshui of southern central Yunnan.On the basis of the observation data of Jianshui Meteorological Station from 1958 to 2013 and the rice-season test results of irrigation test sites in Jianshui from 2016 to 2018,the crop and soil parameters in the CROPWAT model are calibrated,and the processes of water in the rice soaking stage and irrigation amount in the prime field stage are simulated.With frequency arrangement results of irrigation amount in the whole growth stage,the rice irrigation schedule is drafted by the typical-year method.The results indicate that under the irrigation probability(P)of P=50%,P=75%,and P=90%,the irrigation quota of Jianshui rice in the whole growth stage is 510.1,591.1,and 651.2 mm,respectively,including the quota for the rice soaking stage of 185.3,209.2,and 213.9 mm,as well as the quota for the prime field stage of 324.8,381.9,and 437.3 mm,respectively.The irrigation frequency in the prime field stage is 8,9,and 10 times,respectively,and the irrigation quota is between 20.3 to 46.7 mm.The standard for rice irrigation quotas in Jianshui of southern central Yunnan is between 240.0 to 255.0 mm in the rice soaking stage,and under the conditions of P=50%,P=75%,and P=90%,the rice irrigation quota in the prime field stage is 427.5~435.0,487.5~502.5,540.0~562.5 mm,respectively.The current standard for rice irrigation quotas is basically reasonable,but from the viewpoint of water conservation and protection,there is still some water-saving space for rice irrigation.

关 键 词：水稻 灌溉定额 灌溉制度 CROPWAT模型 滇中南部 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]