面向乡村振兴的公共服务均等化研究:以医疗和教育为例  

Research on Equalization of Public Services for Rural Revitalization: Taking Healthcare and Education as Examples

作　　者：卢盛峰[1] 杨光照 马静 陈思霞[2] Lu Shengfeng;Yang Guangzhao;Ma Jing;Chen Sixia

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院 [2]中南财经政法大学财政税务学院

出　　处：《财政研究》2022年第6期50-63,共14页Public Finance Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“政府地理迁址与财税政策的空间再配置:效应、机制与政策设计”(72073103);国家自然科学基金面上项目“产业新城PPP模式与地方财政可持续性:效应评估、机制检验与政策设计”(72073145);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“能力贫困代际传递性度量及财政干预政策研究”(20YJC790092);嘉兴学院中国共同富裕研究院招标课题“乡村振兴背景下促进中国城乡基本公共服务均等化的财政政策研究”(002CD1902-22-15-2103)。

摘　　要：本文基于中国2015—2020年公共服务空间分布大数据信息,以医疗和教育服务为例,首次在村/社区尺度上对中国公共服务供给的均等化状况进行测度与分解,并进一步评估受益归宿。结果表明:(1)医疗卫生和基本公共教育服务不均等突出体现在服务覆盖率上,到2020年医疗卫生和基本公共教育服务均覆盖了约50%群体;(2)细分公共服务类别发现,受益范围更大的种类均等化较好,而区域性服务种类不均等状况严重,卫生室、幼儿园布局不均等是医疗卫生和基本公共教育服务不均等的主要原因;(3)区域分解发现,公共服务整体不均等主要是由乡镇(街道)内部、城乡内部以及不同区域内部不均等造成的;(4)从受益归宿上看,人均公共服务水平越高的群体从公共服务供给增长中受益更少,即均等化状况在改善。这一研究有利于厘清中国公共服务在基层单元的均等化状况,并对下一步加强公共服务精准施策、推进乡村振兴具有实践意义。Based on the big data information on the spatial distribution of public services in China from 2015 to 2020,taking medical and educational services as examples,this paper measures and decomposes the equalization of public services.The results show that:(1) By 2020,both health care and basic public education services will only cover about 50% of village-level areas;(2) By subdividing the types of public services,it is found that the types of services with a wider range of benefits are more equal,while the inequality of regional services is serious and the uneven distribution of clinics and kindergartens is the main reason for the uneven distribution of medical and health services and basic public education services;(3) The regional decomposition found that inequality within townships (streets),urban and rural areas,and different regions are the main driving forces leading to the overall inequality of public services;(4) The more public services per capita,the less the region benefits from the growth in public service provision.This research will help to clarify the equalization of China’s public services at the grassroots level.

关 键 词：公共服务均等化 乡村振兴 不均等分解 受益归宿 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学]