论党规的“法”属性——基于新法律多元主义的考察  

On the "law" Attributes of Party’s Regulation: A Perspective from New Legal Pluralism

作　　者：黄文艺[1] 张旭[2] Huang Wenyi;Zhang Xu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第4期116-127,共12页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2022年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“坚持建设中国特色社会主义法治体系,深入推进全面依法治国实践研究”(2022JZDZ002)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在讨论党规是不是“法”之前,首先要回答法的概念这个前提性问题,即什么样的规范体才能称作“法”。从新法律多元主义立场出发,判断一种规范体是否构成“法”的基本标准,包括体系合法性、形式合法性、实质合法性、运行合法性等四方面。其中,体系合法性是指“法”规范体在数量、结构、密度等方面所应具备的基本品质,包括规模性、严谨性、完备性、统一性等。形式合法性是指“法”规范体在外观、形式、效力等方面所应达到的基本品质,包括普遍性、规范性、易懂性、公开性、稳定性、可操作性等。实质合法性是指“法”规范体在价值目标、实体理念等方面所应具有的基本品质,包括正当程序、权力制约、权利保障、公平正义等。运行合法性是指“法”规范体在运行机制、操作过程、实际效果等方面所应达到的基本品质,包括机构专职性、运行程序性、人员专业性、公共强制性、实效性等。党规体系符合上述四方面基本标准,具有明显的“法”属性,是最接近于国法体系的法规范体。Is the Party’s regulation a kind of"law"?What can be termed"law"then?In order to answer these questions,this paper,starting from the premise of new legal pluralism,attempts to propose that whether a system of norms can constitute"law"can be judged from the criterion of the legality of its system,form,substance and operation.To be specific,the legality of the system means that it shall possess some essential qualities e.g.,scale,rigor,completeness and uniformity in terms of its quantity,structure and density.The legality of form means it shall possess such basic qualities as universality,normativity,comprehensibility,openness,stability,operability in its appearance,form and effect.The legality of substance refers to such fundamental qualities as due process,check of power,protection of rights,fairness and justice in terms of its value objectives and concrete concepts.The legality of operation denotes such qualities in its mechanism,process and effect as specialization in institution,professionalism in staff,proceduralist in theory,compulsiveness and effectiveness in operation.Upon close examination,this paper concludes that the system of Party’s regulation satisfies the above four essential criteria,thus it is"law"in nature and is the closest equivalent to the legal system of a state.

关 键 词：党规 法律多元主义 体系合法性 形式合法性 实质合法性 运行合法性 

分 类 号：D262.6[政治法律—政治学] D920.0[政治法律—中共党史]