制约青岛茶区无性系茶园发展的土壤理化性质分析  

Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Properties Restricting Development of Clonal Tea Gardens in Qingdao

作　　者：范铮蕾 李彩云 曲凤凤 张新富[1] 王玉[1] 胡建辉[1] Fan Zhenglei;Li Caiyun;Qu Fengfeng;Zhang Xinfu;Wang Yu;Hu Jianhui(College of Horticulture,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学园艺学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第7期129-134,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目“复幼处理提高茶树不定根发生的代谢物基础及多基因作用机制”(ZR2019MC039);山东省农业良种工程项目“优质高产抗逆茶树突破性新品种选育”(2020LZGC010);青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项“山东高品质红茶生产技术应用与示范”(21-1-4-ny-26-nsh);崂山茶产业创新团队项目(LSCG2022000017)。

摘　　要：青岛茶区是山东省茶树“南茶北引”的典型代表,以崂山茶为代表的茶叶产品全国闻名。近年来,新建或更新的茶园多以无性系茶园为主,无性系茶树对土壤条件、栽培管理的要求更加严格,制约着无性系茶园的发展。本研究对青岛茶区23个无性系茶园长势与茶园土壤理化性质进行主成分分析(PCA),结果显示,较难成活、长势较差和长势好的无性系茶园可明显地被区分开。偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)结果显示,土壤pH值和交换性钙含量是决定无性系茶园长势好坏的关键因素,与茶园的长势呈负相关。较难成活的茶园具有土壤pH值>7.0、交换性钙含量高、有效铝和有效铁含量低的共同特点;长势较差的茶园土壤pH值多为6.0~7.0,交换性钙、有效铝、有效铁含量中至少一个偏高或偏低。pH值<6.0的茶园长势普遍较好,具有有效铝和有效铁含量高的共同特点,即便个别茶园交换性钙含量较高,茶园的长势也不受影响。综上,青岛茶区在建无性系茶园前,可依据本研究结果对茶园土壤进行理化性质分析与评估,以确定无性系建园的可行性和土壤改良方案。Qingdao tea area is a typical representative of“Tea Introduction from Southern China to Northern China”in Shandong Province.The tea products represented by“Laoshan Tea”are famous throughout the country.In recent years,the newly built or renewed tea gardens are mainly clonal ones.They need stricter soil conditions and cultivation management,so their development was restricted.In this study,the correlations between tea tree growth and soil physicochemical properties in 23 clonal tea gardens in Qingdao were analyzed.The principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the tea gardens with tea trees more difficult to survive and growing poor could be clearly separated from those with tea trees growing well.The partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)showed that soil pH and exchangeable Ca content were the key factors determining tea tree growth in clonal tea gardens,which were negatively correlated with tea tree growth.The tea gardens which were more difficult for tea trees to survive had the common characteristics of soil pH>7.0,high exchangeable Ca content,and low available Al and available Fe contents.In the tea gardens with poor growth of tea trees,soil pH value was mostly 6.0~7.0,and at least one of the content of exchangeable Ca,available Al and available Fe was on the high or low side.Tea trees generally grew better in the tea gardens with soil pH<6.0 and common characteristics of high available Al and available Fe contents,and the growth did not influenced even if the content of exchangeable Ca was higher in individual tea gardens.In summary,before builting a new clonal tea garden in Qingdao area,the physicochemical characteristics of soil should be analyzed and evaluated to determine the feasibility and soil improvement plan based on the results of this study.

关 键 词：无性系茶树 茶园土壤 理化性质 pH值 养分评价 施肥建议 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S571.106.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]