钴金属矿床类型及勘查方法  

The types and exploration methods of the cobalt deposits

作　　者：王武名[1,2] 盛涛 王自凌 杨冀 董少波 张法武 WANG Wuming;SHENG Tao;WANG Ziling;YANG Ji;DONG Shaobo;ZHANG Fawu(Institute of Resource Survey and Assessment,East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau for Non-ferrous Metals of Jiangsu,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co.,Ltd.,Tongxiang 314500,Zhejiang,China;Huayue Nickel and Cobalt Indonesia Co.,Ltd.,Sulawesi,Indonesia;China National Geological and Mining Corporation,Beijing 100029,China;Kunming Prospecting Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650051,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局资源调查与评价研究院,江苏南京210007 [2]浙江华友钴业股份有限公司,浙江桐乡314500 [3]华越镍钴(印尼)有限公司,苏拉威西印度尼西亚 [4]中国地质矿业有限公司,北京100029 [5]中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2022年第2期275-289,共15页Mineral Resources and Geology

摘　　要：“关键金属”钴主要以“副产品”形式产出于岩浆硫化物型矿床(Magmatic Sulfide Deposits)、SSC型矿床(Sediment-Host Stratiform Copper Deposits)和红土型(Laterite Deposits)矿床中,本文通过文献收集分析,就上述三种类型钴矿床的分布规律、矿床成因及特征等方面进行归纳总结,并针对勘查手段进行评述。岩浆硫化物型矿床为(古)克拉通边缘的镁铁质—超镁铁质岩浆与富硫壳源物质混染产生,钴矿(化)体多产于岩体边部、小型岩体或岩浆通道系统位置;重磁测量通常反映较大镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体的分布情况,对于钴矿床的赋存位置需结合电法测量进行岩浆构造体系的精细反演和定位;矿床勘查过程中综合使用土壤地球化学、微量元素、矿物、植物等地球化学测量方法对岩体进行含矿性评价和矿(化)体溯源。红土型矿床分布于岛弧地带或克拉通地体内部,由超镁铁质岩石风化形成,自下而上分为原岩层、风化岩、腐岩层、黏土层、褐铁矿层,电法测量和土壤地球化学测量是目前较为有效的方法。SSC型铜钴矿床主要分布于刚果(金)加丹加地区,矿床产出于受卢非利安造山运动改造的新元古代加丹加超群罗安群矿山组白云岩(化)地层,该地区构造发育、雨季降水充沛、风化层厚度较大,对于物探测量和钻探施工存在不利影响。综上所述,钴矿床的勘查过程中,应根据勘查矿床目标的不同,开展矿床综合研究,选择与勘查区和勘查目标相适应的手段和方法展开勘查。The"key metal"cobalt is mainly produced in the form of"by-product"in magmatic sulfide deposits(Magmatic Sulfide Deposits),SSC deposits(Sediment-Host Stratiform Copper Deposits)and laterite deposits.Based on the analysis,the above three types of cobalt deposits are summarized in terms of the deposit characteristics,distribution regularity,deposit genesis,and the exploration methods are reviewed.The magmatic sulfide deposits are produced by the mixing of mafic-ultramafic magma and sulfur-rich crustal source materials on the edge of the paleocraton.Cobalt mineralization bodies are mostly produced in the edge of magmatic rock,small intrusion or magma conduit system.Gravity and magnetic geophysical survey usually reflects the distribution of larger mafic-ultramafic intrusions.For the occurrence location of cobalt deposit,it is necessary to combine electrical survey method for fine inversion and positioning of magma tectonic system.In the exploration process of magmatic sulfide,soil geochemistry,trace elements,minerals,plants and other geochemical survey methods are comprehensively used to evaluate the mineralization of the intrusion and to trace the source of the mineralization body.Laterite deposits are distributed in island arc zones or inside cratons,and are formed by weathering of ultramafic rocks.From bottom to top,they are divided into original rock layer,weathered rock,saprolite layer,clay layer,and limonite layer.The electrical survey method and soil geochemical survey methods are the more effective methods at present.SSC-type copper-cobalt deposits are mainly distributed in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of Congo.The deposits are produced in the dolomite(chemical)strata of the Kuangshan Formation of the Luo’an Group of the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup,which was transformed by the Rufilian orogeny.The structure is developed in this area,abundant precipitation in the rainy season,and thick regolith have adverse effects on the geophysical survey and drilling construction.In the exploration

关 键 词：钴矿床 矿床类型 岩浆硫化物型矿床 红土型矿床 SSC型矿床 勘查方法 

分 类 号：P618.62[天文地球—矿床学]