民族地区卫生资源配置公平性研究——以西藏昌都为例  

Research on fairness of health resource allocation in ethnic areas——Taking Qamdo,Tibet as an example

作　　者：武芳[1] 王静[1] 欧雪妮 康军[1] 伍祥林 WU Fang;WANG Jing;OU Xueni;KANG Jun;WU Xianglin(School of Public Health,Chongqing Medical University,Medical and Social Development Research Center,Collaborative Innovation Center for Social Risk Prediction and Governance in the Health Field,Chongqing,400016,China;Information Department,Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University,Chongqing,400030,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,医学与社会发展研究中心,健康领域社会风险预测治理协同创新中心,重庆400016 [2]重庆大学附属肿瘤医院信息部,重庆400030

出　　处：《当代医学》2022年第23期92-95,共4页Contemporary Medicine

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划社会组织项目(2020SZ12)。

摘　　要：目的以西藏昌都为例,分析民族地区卫生资源配置公平性,为进一步合理配置卫生资源提供参考。方法2020年1月,本研究采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数和泰尔指数从常住人口、地理面积、经济3个维度分析昌都市医疗机构、床位、卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师、注册护士等卫生资源配置公平性。常住人口、地理面积、经济数据来源于《昌都地区人口学特征》。卫生资源数据来源于《2019年西藏昌都市卫生健康统计年鉴》。结果除医疗机构外,2019年昌都市卫生资源配置均处于不公平状态。各类卫生资源的基尼系数范围在常住人口维度上为0.1977~0.4956,地理维度上为0.2103~0.5666,经济维度上为0.2280~0.3478。各类卫生资源的泰尔指数范围在常住人口维度上为0.0274~0.2221,地理维度上为0.0301~0.3211,经济维度上为0.0411~0.0978。结论昌都市卫生资源分布不均衡;按经济配置的卫生资源公平性优于按常住人口、地理配置;执业(助理)医师和注册护士配置公平性亟待改善。建议改善地区间分布差异,将资源向落后地区倾斜;以经济、常住人口优先配置卫生资源,地理辅之;引育结合,优化执业(助理)医师和注册护士配置。Objective Taking Qamdo in Tibet as an example,this paper analyzes the fairness of health resource allocation in ethnic areas and provides a reference for further rational allocation of health resources.Methods In January 2020,this research adopts the Lorentz curve,Gini coefficient and Terre index from the resident population,geographical area,economic three dimension analysis of city medical institutions,beds,health technicians,practicing(assistant)physicians,registered nurses and other health resource allocation fairness in Qamdo,The resident population,geographic area,and economic data come from"Demographic Characteristics of Qamdo Region".The health resource data comes from the"2019 Tibet Qamdo Health Statistical Yearbook".Results The allocation of health resources in Qamdo City in 2019 were unfair except medical institutions.The Gini coefficient range of all kinds of health resources is 0.1977-0.4956 in resident population dimension,0.2103-0.5666 in geographical dimension and 0.2280-0.3478 in economic dimension.The Terre index range of all kinds of health resources is 0.0274-0.2221 in resident population dimension,0.0301-0.3211 in geographical dimension and 0.0411-0.0978 in economic dimension.Conclusion The distribution of health resources in Changdu city is not balanced;the fairness of health resources allocated by economy is better than that by resident population and geography;the fairness of medical practitioners and registered nurses need to be improved urgently.It is suggested to improve the regional distribution difference and make the resources inclined to the backward areas;give priority to the allocation of health resources with economy and resident population,supplemented by geography;and combine the introduction of education to improve the allocation of practicing(assistant)doctors and registered nurses.

关 键 词：卫生资源配置 公平性 洛伦兹曲线 基尼系数 泰尔指数 

分 类 号：R197.32[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]