基于东京奥运会和西安全运会田径成绩剖析我国田径未来发展趋势  

An Analysis of the Future Development Trend of China’s Athletics based on the Athletics Performance of Tokyo Olympic Games and Xi’an National Games

作　　者：牛晨 魏青哲 Niu Chen;Wei Qingzhe(School of Physical Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学体育学院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第8期9-12,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：国家在推出“奥运争光计划”与“1516计划”后,我国田径事业发展有了长足的进步,田径项目逐渐由“阴盛阳衰”转为“龙凤呈祥”的发展趋势,但同时也看到国内与国际最高水平之间的差距。本文运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,将田径项目依据项群理论划分为速度型、耐力型、快速力量型和综合型四大项群,结合第十四届西安全运会和2020东京奥运会田径各项目前八名成绩进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)我国田径整体实力与世界存在着显著差异,在男子快速力量项群和耐力性项群中,我国已逐渐失去在国际上的竞争力,我国女子投掷类和男子跳跃类等项目依旧是我国的集团优势项目,速度型项群在逐渐焕发新机。(2)本届全运会各地区各项群之间存在着明显的地域差异,总体呈现出东强西弱、田强竞弱的格局。东部低海拔地区主要在速度型、快速力量型等项群优势明显,西部与西南部高海拔地区则凭借地理优势在耐力型项群中展示出强大竞争力。(3)各地区夺金项目覆盖面大多集中在某一项群或某一项目,难以形成全面发展、多点开花,覆盖面主要表现为东部>中部>西部。After the State Council and the General Administration of Sport of China successively launched the “Olympic Glory Plan” and the “1516 Plan”, the development of athletics in China has made considerable progress. But at the same time we should also clearly see the gap between the highest domestic and international levels. This article used literature data method, mathematical statistics method, logical analysis method and other research methods to divide athletics events into four major event groups: speed, endurance, fast strength and comprehensive, to conduct a comparative analysis of the top eightresults of the fourteenth Xi’an National Games and the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. The results show that:(a)The overall strength of China’s athletics is significantly different from that of the world. In the men’s fast-strength event group and endurance event group, China has gradually lost its international competitiveness. The speed-type event group is gradually showing new opportunities.(b)There are obvious regional differences among the various groups in the National Games. The overall situation is that the east is strong and the west is weak. The low-altitude areas in the east have obvious advantages in speed and fast-strength events, while the high-altitude areas in the west and southwest have demonstrated strong competitiveness in endurance event groups by virtue of their geographical advantages.(c)The coverage of gold-winning events in various regions is mostly concentrated in a certain group or a certain event, and it is difficult to form an all-round development.

关 键 词：竞技体育 项群理论 田径 地域分布 

分 类 号：G820[文化科学—体育训练]