不同助跑速度急停起跳对排球运动员膝关节生物力学特征的影响  

Effect of Abrupt Stops and Jumps with Different Assisted Running Speeds on the Biomechanical Characteristics of the Knee Joints of Volleyball Players

作　　者：孙晓泽 袁鹏 许贻林 李森[3] Sun Xiaoze;Yuan Peng;Xu Yilin;Li Sen(School of Physical Education,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学体育学院,江苏扬州225000 [2]上海体育学院,上海200438 [3]江苏省体育科学研究所,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第8期240-243,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：社会发展--重大科技示范(体育类)(项目编号:BF2018752)

摘　　要：目的:本文旨在探究改变急停起跳动作的助跑速度对排球运动员膝关节生物力学特征的影响,为排球项目中的下肢损伤机制以及损伤预防和康复工作提供科学依据。方法:使用8镜头Qualisys 500万像素的三维红外运动捕捉系统和两块Kistler三维测力台同步采集受试者在不同助跑速度下完成急停起跳动作时膝关节的运动学和动力学信号,采样频率分别为200Hz和1000Hz。通过Qualisys Track Manager 2019.2和Visual3D软件收集、处理并获取了膝关节在矢状面、额状面和水平面的关节角度、关节力矩以及地面反作用力。结果:慢速助跑下膝关节伸展峰值角度、膝关节内旋峰值角度显著小于中速和快速助跑(P<0.05)。助跑速度越快,膝关节伸展峰值力矩和水平制动力峰值越大(P<0.05)。女子排球运动员膝关节外翻峰值角度、膝关节内翻峰值力矩和水平制动力峰值显著大于男子排球运动员,而膝关节内翻峰值角度、膝关节屈曲峰值力矩显著小于男子排球运动员(P<0.05)。在快速助跑下,男子排球运动员的膝关节外翻峰值力矩显著小于慢速助跑,且垂直地面反作用力峰值显著大于慢速和中速助跑(P<0.05)。结论:①随着助跑速度的增加,排球运动员膝关节损伤的风险也随之增加;②急停起跳时,女子排球运动员较男子排球运动员有更高的膝关节损伤风险。This paper aims to investigate the effect of altering the assisted running speed of the abrupt stopping and jumping movements on the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joints of volleyball players,and to provide a scientific basis for the mechanism of lower limb injuries in volleyball and for injury prevention and rehabilitation.Methods:The kinematic and kinetic signals of the knee joint were collected simultaneously using an 8-lens Qualisys 5-megapixel 3D infrared motion capture system and two Kistler 3D ergometers at 200Hz and 1000Hz respectively,when the subject completed a abrupt stopping and jumping movement at different assisted running speeds.Joint angles,joint moments and ground reaction forces of the knee joint in the sagittal,frontal and horizontal planes were collected,processed and acquired with Qualisys Track Manager 2019.2 and Visual3D software.Results:The peak knee extension angle and the peak knee internal rotation angle at the moment of contact between the lower foot and the ground in slow-assisted running were significantly smaller than in medium-and fast-assisted running(p<0.05).The faster the assisted running speed,the greater the peak knee extension moment and peak horizontal braking force(p<0.05).The peak knee valgus angle,peak knee inversion moment and peak horizontal braking force at the moment of foot-ground contact were significantly greater in female volleyball players than in male volleyball players,while the peak knee valgus angle and peak knee flexion moment were significantly less than in male volleyball players(P<0.05).Under fast-assisted running,the peak knee valgus moment was significantly smaller in male volleyball players than under slow-assisted running,and the peak vertical ground reaction force was significantly larger than under slow and medium-assisted running(P<0.05).Conclusions:The risk of knee injury in volleyball players increases as the speed of the assisted run increases;Female volleyball players have a higher risk of knee injury when performing abrupt stoppin

关 键 词：助跑速度 急停起跳 膝关节 生物力学 

分 类 号：G842[文化科学—体育训练]