秸秆堆沤还田对红壤烤烟农田生态系统磷素盈亏的影响  

Effects of straw compost retting on phosphorus balance of flue cured tobacco farmland ecosystem in red soil

作　　者：吴杉 王克勤[1] 宋娅丽[1] 陈炳绅 温昌焘 裴益乐 代立 WU Shan;WANG Ke-qin;SONG Ya-li;CHEN Bing-shen;WEN Chang-tao;PEI Yi-le;DAI Li(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China;Water control Bureau,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China;Soil andWater ConservationWorkstation of Hongta District,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650224 [2]玉溪市水利局,云南玉溪653100 [3]玉溪市红塔区水土保持工作站,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2022年第6期1595-1603,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(202203AC100001-03);云南省科技计划重点研发项目(2018BB018);云南省科技厅“三区”人才支持计划项目(90202101);云南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010677047)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同秸秆堆沤还田方式对红壤烤烟坡耕地磷素盈亏的影响,揭示秸秆堆沤还田下红壤烤烟农田生态系统磷素盈亏的特征,为滇中小流域面源污染防治提供科学依据。【方法】在自然降水条件下,研究不同秸秆还田密度(0.75和1.50 kg/m^(2))、不同秸秆粉碎粒度(1和5 cm)、不同秸秆堆沤处理(水、水与尿素)对红壤烤烟坡耕地径流泥沙磷素流失量、土壤磷素残留量、烤烟磷素吸收量和磷素盈亏的变化特征。【结果】施用1.50 kg/m^(2)秸秆密度、5 cm秸秆粒度、加水堆沤较0.75 kg/m^(2)秸秆密度、1 cm秸秆粒度、加水与尿素堆沤可有效降低产流产沙量(0.22%~43.26%);施用0.75 kg/m^(2)秸秆密度、5 cm秸秆粒度、加水堆沤可有效降低径流和泥沙磷素流失浓度(2.82%~66.67%、0.38%~57.53%)及流失量(最高分别降低63.89%和64.74%);秸秆还田对各土层土壤总磷(TP)残留量的影响不同,总体上呈增加趋势;秸秆还田后,烤烟全磷(TP)含量的分布特征为叶>根>茎,1.50 kg/m^(2)秸秆密度、1 cm秸秆粒度、水与尿素堆沤均可有效增加烤烟吸收TP含量(0.60%~49.76%)和土壤磷素盈余量(0.43%~13.97%)。【结论】秸秆堆沤还田可提高和维持红壤烤烟坡耕地土壤磷素水平,减少土壤磷素淋失,增强土壤供磷潜力,是削弱该流域农业非点源污染,综合利用秸秆资源,促进农业生态平衡发展的重要措施。【Objective】To study effects of different straw retting methods on the phosphorus balance of red soil flue cured tobacco farmland,to reveal the characteristics of phosphorus balance in the red soil flue-cured tobacco farmland eco-system under straw retting,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in small watersheds in central Yunnan.【Method】Under natural rainfall conditions,different straw returning densities(0.75 and 1.50 kg/m^(2)),different straw crushing particle sizes(1 and 5 cm),different straw heap retting processing(water,water and urea)were designed to study the effects of runoff and sediment phosphorus loss,soil phosphorus residue,flue-cured tobacco phosphorus absorption and phosphorus balance in the flue-cured tobacco slope farmland.【Result】Given 1.50 kg/m^(2) straw density,5 cm straw particle size,water retting compared with 0.75 kg/m^(2) straw density,1 cm straw particle size,water and urea retting the runoff and sediment yield(0.22%-43.26%)could be effectively reduced.Given straw density of 0.75 kg/m^(2),straw particle size of 5 cm,and water retting,the phosphorus concentration loss(2.82%-66.67%,0.38%-57.53%)and phosphorus loss(the highest reduction was 63.89%and 64.74%respectively)in runoff and sediment could be effec-tively reduced.Effects of straw returning on soil total phosphorus(TP)residues in each soil layers were different,and the overall trend was increasing.After straw returning,the distribution of TP content was leaf>root>stem.The straw density of 1.50 kg/m^(2),straw particle size of 1 cm,water and urea retting could increase TP content in plant organs of flue-cured tobacco(0.60%-49.76%)and soil TP surplus(0.43%-13.97%).【Conclusion】Straw retting can improve and keep phospho-rus in red soil flue-cured slope,reduce soil phosphorus loss and enhance soil phosphorus supply capacity,which is a sig-nificant measure to weaken agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin,comprehensively utilize straw resources,and promo

关 键 词：秸秆堆沤还田 磷素盈亏 农田生态系统 烤烟 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]