节水抗旱稻的概念与发展历程  

Concept and development history of water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)

作　　者：罗利军[1] LUO Lijun(Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业生物基因中心,上海201106

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2022年第4期1-8,共8页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

摘　　要：水稻是最重要的粮食作物之一,近60年来,以提高水稻单产为主要目标的育种与栽培技术研究取得了重要进展,但目前水稻生产仍面临着资源与环境的严峻挑战。节水抗旱稻的发展为应对这些挑战提供了较好的解决方案。节水抗旱稻是在水稻科技进步的基础上,通过进一步整合现代水稻与旱稻的优良特性而育成的新型栽培稻品种,其水分利用效率与抗旱性明显增强,可采用“旱直播旱管”的绿色栽培模式,既可在水田不淹水栽培,又可在旱地或山坡地种植,极大拓展了水稻的种植空间,生产过程中可大幅节约灌溉用水、减少面源污染和甲烷排放、降低劳动成本。系统介绍了栽培稻的水陆生态型分化与抗旱性进化以及节水抗旱稻的概念与特点、培育与改良策略、栽培技术与推广区域,并对节水抗旱稻的发展目标与方向进行了详细讨论。Rice is one of the most important grain crops.In recent 60 years,important progress has been made in the research of breeding and cultivation techniques aimed at improving rice yield.However,the rice production is still facing severe challenges of resources and environment.The development of water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)provides a better solution to these challenges.Water-saving and droughtresistance rice is a new type of cultivated rice variety developed on the basis of the progress of rice science and technology and by further integrating the excellent characteristics of modern irrigated rice and upland rice.Its water use efficiency and drought resistance are significantly enhanced.Water-saving and drought-resistance rice can adopt the green cultivation mode of“dry direct seeding and aerobic management”,which can not only be cultivated in paddy fields without flooding,but also be planted in dry lands or hillsides,greatly expanding the planting space of rice.In the production process,it can greatly save irrigation water,reduce non-point source pollution and methane emission,and reduce labor costs.This paper systematically introduces the differentiation of paddy and upland ecotypes and the evolution of drought resistance of cultivated rice,the concept and characteristics of water-saving and drought-resistance rice,cultivation and improvement strategies,cultivation techniques and promotion areas,and discusses the development goals and directions of water-saving and droughtresistance rice in detail.

关 键 词：水陆稻分化 节水抗旱稻 水分利用效率 抗旱性 育种 栽培 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]