旱管种植节水抗旱稻的温室气体减排效应研究  

Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of water-saving and drought-resistance rice under dry cultivation

作　　者：张鲜鲜 毕俊国[4] 孙会峰[1,2,3] 王从 张继宁 谭金松[4] 周胜 ZHANG Xianxian;BI Junguo;SUN Huifeng;WANG Cong;ZHANG Jining;TAN Jinsong;ZHOU Sheng(Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture(SERCLA),Shanghai 201403,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [3]农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室,上海201403 [4]上海市农业生物基因中心,上海201106

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2022年第4期134-140,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0106200);国家自然科学基金项目(41907065);上海市科技兴农项目[沪农科攻字(2016)第6-3-1号]。

摘　　要：以节水抗旱稻‘旱优73’和常规栽培稻‘H优518’为研究对象,在水直播基础上采用持续淹灌和旱管种植两种水分管理模式,对旱管种植节水抗旱稻的温室气体减排效应开展了3年田间原位试验。结果表明:年际间稻季降水量与平均气温变动较大,旱管种植条件下,稻田CH_(4)排放降低70%—95%,综合温室效应(GWP)降低65%—95%。旱管种植在一定程度上会降低水稻产量,但由于节水抗旱稻具有较强的抗旱性,在旱管种植条件下产量较常规栽培稻相对稳定。与常规的杂交稻淹灌栽培相比,旱管种植节水抗旱稻的温室气体排放强度(GHGI)降低了75%,仅为0.26 kg CO_(2)-eq∕kg yield。因此,优化水分管理模式,选育抗旱性强的水稻品种,可在保证相对稳产的前提下,大幅减少温室气体排放,节约水资源投入,有利于实现水稻生产绿色低碳转型。In this study,two rice varieties(water-saving and drought-resistance rice‘Hanyou 73’and common rice‘Hyou 518’)and two water management strategies(continuous flooding irrigation and dry cultivation after wet-direct seeding)were selected to verify the greenhouse gas mitigation of water-saving and drought-resistance rice under dry cultivation.The results showed that dry-cultivation could effectively reduce the CH_(4) emission by 70%—95%,and the comprehensive global warming potential(GWP)by 65%—95%even though there was inter-annual variation of temperature and precipitation.Due to a high level of drought resistance in‘Hanyou 73’,dry cultivation could lead to the less rice yields loss in‘Hanyou 73’than‘Hyou 518’.Compared with‘Hyou 518’under continuous flooding,‘Hanyou 73’under dry cultivation decreased the greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI)by 75%,with 0.26 kg CO_(2)-eq∕kg yield.Therefore,optimizing water management strategies and cultivating rice varieties with strong drought resistance could not only reduce greenhouse gas emission with relatively stable yields,but also save irrigation water,which was conducive to the promotion of the green and low-carbon transformation of rice production.

关 键 词：旱管 节水抗旱稻 产量 温室气体 温室效应 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S181