黏土条件下小管出流灌溉不同灌水量土壤水运移特性研究  

Research on Soil Water Transport Characteristics of Different Irrigation Amounts in Small-pipe Outflow Irrigation under Clay Condition

作　　者：马筱建 杨素苗[1] 石海强[1] 段鹏伟 杜纪壮[1] 秦立者[1] MA Xiaojian;YANG Sumiao;SHI Haiqiang;DUNA Pengwei;DU Jizhuang;QIN Lizhe(Shijiazhuang Fruit Tree Research Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China;Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北省农林科学院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2022年第8期39-42,47,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省科技厅农业高质量发展关键技术攻关专项(19226818);河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(2022KJCXZX-SGS-2);河北省现代农业产业技术体系苹果创新团队项目(HBCT2021100208)。

摘　　要：为探究黏土条件下小管出流灌溉不同灌水量土壤水分下渗和侧渗特点,本研究采用玻璃砂箱模拟自然条件的方式,测定了流速为7.5 L·h^(-1),灌水量为30,40,50 L的土壤水分运动轨迹和试验开始24 h内土壤含水量的分布情况。结果表明:黏土条件下,7.5 L·h^(-1)流量的小管出流,当灌水量为30,40,50 L时,试验开始24 h对应的横向运移距离分别为39.63,42.3,49.11 cm,垂直运移距离分别为36.81,43.7,50.83 cm;试验拟合了横向和垂直运移距离与时间的关系的经验公式、运移距离和土壤含水量之间的关系的经验公式,均有较高的相关系数,可以作为小管出流系统灌溉制度的设计依据。由以上结果得出,灌水量越大,小管出流灌溉的土壤水分横向运移距离和垂直运移距离越大,土壤湿润面积也越大。In order to investigate the characteristics of soil water infiltration and lateral infiltration for different irrigation volumes un-der small-pipe outflow irrigation in clay soil conditions,the soil water movement trajectory and the distribution of soil water content within 24 h from the beginning of irrigation were measured in a glass sand box simulating natural conditions with a flow rate of 7.5 L·h^(-1)and irrigation volumes of 30 L,40 L and 50 L.The results showed that under the clay soil condition,the small pipe outflow of 7.5 L·h^(-1)flow rate when the irrigation volume was 30 L,40 L and 50 L,the lateral transport distances were 39.63 cm,42.3 cm and 49.11 cm,and the vertical transport distances were 36.81 cm,43.7 cm and 50.83 cm respectively at the beginning of 24 h of the test.The experiment fitted empirical equations for the relationship between lateral and vertical transport distance and time,and between transport distance and soil moisture content,all with high correlation coefficients,which can be used as a basis for the design of irri-gation systems for small pipe outflow systems.From the above results,it is concluded that the greater the irrigation volume,the greater the lateral transport distance and vertical transport distance of soil water irrigated by large pipe outflow,and the greater the soil wet-ting area.

关 键 词：小管出流 入渗 水分运移 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]