基于质量寻优与归一化STA/LTA方法的微震P波到时拾取技术研究  

Study on determining arrival times of microseismic P-wave based on quality optimization and normalized STA/LTA method

作　　者：赵扬锋[1,2] 王进铭 潘一山 王学滨[1] 赵伟[1] 樊艺 ZHAO Yangfeng;WANG Jinming;PAN Yishan;WANG Xuebin;ZHAO Wei;FAN Yi(School of Mechanics and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000,China;Liaoning Key Laboratory of Mine Subsidence Disaster Prevention and Control,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000,China;Institute of Disaster Rock Mechanics,Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110036,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学力学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁省矿山沉陷灾害防治重点实验室,辽宁阜新123000 [3]辽宁大学灾害岩体力学研究所,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2022年第8期1610-1625,共16页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52074142,51274114,51974150)。

摘　　要：微震信号P波初至拾取是微震数据处理的关键步骤之一。为了实现微震信号P波初至到时的精确拾取,针对微震信号不同信道各时段受噪声污染程度不同的特点,使用归一化后的信噪比、信号的明显程度和信号初至起跳点的明显程度叠加的信噪指数代替单一信噪比来量化微震信号的质量。以信噪指数作为判定条件选取质量较高的信号作为输入来提高P波到时准确度,设计一种基于质量寻优与归一化STA/LTA方法的微震P波初至到时拾取算法(QONSL方法)。为了验证该方法的可行性和有效性,分别对测试数据和阜新市五龙矿微震监测数据进行处理。对测试数据的处理结果表明,在量化微震信号的质量时,信噪指数比信噪比更准确,且信噪指数越大,到时拾取结果越接近准确到时。对阜新市五龙矿三分向数据处理结果表明,QONSL方法可以通过信噪指数快速锁定信号质量较高的信号通道并快速拾取微震P波初至到时,综合120个微震信号的到时拾取结果来看,与准确到时的误差保持在5 ms之内,将86个微震事件的到时误差控制在2 ms以内。与STA/LTA算法相比,QONSL算法拾取精度整体提升72%,整体误差范围波动减少75%。QONSL方法受噪声影响较小,具有较高的拾取效率和精度,可为煤层水力压裂、矿山动力灾害实时监测以及后续的微震自动高精度定位计算提供参考。Determining arrival time of microseismic P-wave is one of the key steps in microseismic data processing.In order to accurately determine arrival times of microseismic P-wave,according to the characteristics of different noise pollution degrees in different channels and periods of microseismic signal,the signal-to-noise index(SNI)superimposed by normalized signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),the apparent degree of the signal(ADS)and the apparent degree of the jump point(ADJ)is used instead of SNR to quantify the quality of microseismic signal.Taking SNI as the judgment condition,the high-quality signal input is selected to improve the microseismic arrival accuracy.The method determining arrival times of microseismic P-wave(QONSL method)was designed based on quality optimization and normalized STA/LTA method.To test the feasibility and effectiveness of this method,the test data and microseismic monitoring data of Wulong Mine in Fuxin were processed respectively.The processing results of the test data show that when quantifying the quality of microseismic signal,the SNI is more accurate than the SNR,and the larger the SNI is,the closer the picking result is to the accurate time.The data processing results of Wulong Mine in Fuxin show that the QONSL method can quickly target the channel with higher signal quality and pick up the arrival times of microseismic P-wave through SNI.According to the arrival time picking results of 120 microseismic signals,the error with the accurate arrivals is kept within 5 ms,and the arrival error of 86 microseismic events is controlled within 2 ms.Compared with the STA/LTA algorithm,the overall picking accuracy of QONSL algorithm is improved by 72%,and the fluctuation of the global error range is reduced by 75%.The QONSL method is less affected by noise and has higher picking efficiency and accuracy,which can provide a reference for the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam,the real-time monitoring of mine dynamic disaster,and the subsequent automatic high-precision positioning calculation of mi

关 键 词：采矿工程 微震 P波到时 到时拾取 信噪指数 STA/LTA QONSL方法 

分 类 号：TD32[矿业工程—矿井建设]