离轴三反望远镜轴向与横向失调量像差耦合特性  

Aberration coupling characteristics of axial and lateral misalignments of off-axis three-mirror telescopes

作　　者：白晓泉 郭良 马宏财[1,3] 许博谦[1,3] 鞠国浩 徐抒岩[1,3] BAI Xiao-quan;GUO Liang;MA Hong-cai;XU Bo-qian;JU Guo-hao;XU Shu-yan(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CAS Key Laboratory of On-orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics system,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院空间光学系统在轨制造与集成重点实验室,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中国光学（中英文）》2022年第4期747-760,共14页Chinese Optics

基　　金：自然科学基金资助项目(No.61905241)。

摘　　要：为了保证离轴三反空间望远镜地面装调阶段及在轨调整阶段的成像质量,本文基于矢量像差理论从内在机理层面揭示了轴向失调与横向失调对像差影响的耦合特性,重点分析了两类失调耦合特性产生的补偿关系:(1)针对轴向失调补偿横向失调,揭示了装调过程中系统像质可能处于局部极值的一类工况;(2)针对横向失调补偿轴向失调,提出利用在轨横向失调引入的像散、彗差补偿轴向失调引入的像散、彗差的补偿策略(离焦不能补偿)。本文以实验室现有的一套离轴三反系统为例,充分验证了解析关系的准确性。仿真和实验证明:当系统同时存在轴向失调和横向失调时,系统成像质量也可能达到衍射极限(1/14λ),但系统像质处于局部极小值;望远镜在轨处于失调状态且离焦较小时,可以优先通过校正横向失调以完成系统像质校正,RMS波前误差改变量小于0.02λ。To ensure the imaging quality of the off-axis three-mirror space telescope during the ground adjustment and on-orbit adjustment stages,we reveal the coupling characteristics of the effect of the axial misalignment and the lateral misalignment on aberration based on the Nodal aberration theory from the internal mechanism level.This paper focuses on the compensation relationship generated by the coupling characteristics of two types of misalignments:(1)axial misalignment compensates for lateral misalignment,which reveals a type of working condition where the system image quality may be at a local extreme during the alignment process on the ground;(2)lateral misalignment compensates for axial misalignment.A compensation strategy wherein astigmatisms and comas introduced by in orbit lateral misalignment can compensate for astigmatisms and comas induced by axial misalignment is proposed(defocus cannot be corrected).Taking the off-axis three-mirror system in the laboratory as an example,the accuracy of the analytical relationships can be verified.Simulations and experiments have proven that the imaging quality of the system may reach the diffraction limit(1/14λ),but the system’s image quality is at a local minimum in the presence of both axial and lateral misalignment.When the telescope is misaligned in orbit and the defocus is small,the system image quality can be corrected by properly aligning the lateral misalignment first.The RMS wavefront error after compensation changes less than 0.02λcompared with the design state(the best state of installation and alignment).

关 键 词：矢量像差 离轴三反望远镜 横向失调 轴向失调 像差耦合特性 

分 类 号：TH743[机械工程—光学工程] TH703[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]