黄海近岸潮汐锋海域蟹类幼体日间垂直迁移特征  

Diel Vertical Migration Characteristics of Crab Larvae in the Tidal Front Waters of the Coastal Yellow Sea

作　　者：叶振江[1] 彭玉强 何天庆 何青松 张文超[1] 张艺笑 Ye Zhenjiang;Peng Yuqiang;He Tianqing;He Qingsong;Zhang Wenchao;Zhang Yixiao(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第9期35-42,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFD0900903);国家自然科学基金项目(41876177)资助。

摘　　要：海洋蟹类幼体的垂直迁移是影响其幼体输运及早期补充结果的重要生态学过程,本研究旨在对中国黄海近岸蟹类幼体的垂直分布特性进行初步研究。于2020年7月下旬,在黄海35°N断面的3个连续观测站和14个走航站位采集了蟹类幼体样品和环境因子数据,分析了蟹类幼体在潮汐锋核心区及内、外邻近水域的垂直迁移特性及其与环境因子的关系。研究表明,蟹类幼体有显著的昼夜垂直迁移现象,总体表现为夜晚上浮、白天下沉。溞状幼体在水体表层的日间丰度分布存在2个峰值,分别位于21:00和3:00左右;垂直采样的丰度分布也存在2个峰值,分别位于23:00左右和5:00—7:00;3个连续观测站的溞状幼体垂直分布的日间模式基本相同。大眼幼体也呈明显的昼夜垂直移动特征,夜晚主要分布于水体中上层,白天则栖息于水体底部,3个连续观测站的大眼幼体垂直分布的日间模式存在差异,白天在潮汐锋核心区和外侧温跃层区较近岸站位大眼幼体沉底更彻底。大眼幼体与溞状幼体的相对比例从近岸向远岸逐渐升高,其原因可能是幼体借助于潮流和垂直迁移从近岸向远岸进行输运。幼体垂直迁移的日间模式未表现出对潮汐节律的直接响应,光周期可能是本海区蟹类幼体垂直运动的主要环境因素。研究结果表明,黄海蟹类幼体具有显著的日间垂直迁移现象,且在不同发育阶段垂直迁移现象存在差异。本文的研究结果可为进一步研究开展蟹类早期生活史及环境影响机制的提供参考。The vertical migration of marine crab larvae is an important ecological process that affects the transport of their larvae and the early recruitment results. This study aimed to conduct a preliminary study on the early life history characteristics such as the vertical distribution of crab larvae in the Yellow Sea coast, China. Based on the comprehensive observation data such as crab larvae and environmental factors of three continuous observation stations and 14 navigation stations laid out in the 35°N section of the Yellow Sea in late July 2020, the vertical migration characteristics of crab larvae in the core area of the tidal front and the adjacent waters inside and outside and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. The research showed that crab larvae had significant diurnal vertical migration phenomenon, and generally showed the characteristics of floating up at night and sinking to the bottom during the day. There were two peaks with zoea in the distribution of diel abundance in the surface of the water, which were located around 21:00 and 3:00, respectively, and the peak of the abundance distribution of vertical sampling appeared around 23:00 and 5:00—7:00, respectively. The diurnal pattern of the vertical distribution of the zoea in the three continuous observatories is basically the same. Megalopae also showed significant diurnal vertical movements, mainly distributed in the middle and upper layers of the water body at night, and inhabited the bottom of the water body during the day, and there were differences in the diel pattern of the vertical distribution of the megalopae of the three continuous observatories. megalopae were more thoroughly submerged in the core area of the tidal front and the lateral thermocline region than in the nearshore station position during the daytime. The relative ratio of megalopae to zoea gradually increased from the inshore to the offshore, which is speculated to be the result of the transport of the larvae from the inshore to the offshore with th

关 键 词：蟹类 垂直迁移 日间模式 潮汐锋 黄海 溞状幼体 大眼幼体 输运 

分 类 号：S932.5[农业科学—渔业资源]