南黄海潮间带大型底栖动物群落组成及时空变化  

Community composition and spatial and temporal changes of macrobenthos in intertidal zone of southern Yellow Sea

作　　者：祝超文 张虎[2] 袁健美[2] 施佳炜 贲成恺[2] 胡海生 肖悦悦 祖凯伟 汤晓鸿[2] ZHU Chaowen;ZHANG Hu;YUAN Jianmei;SHI Jiawei;BEN Chengkai;HU Haisheng;XIAO Yueyue;ZU Kaiwei;TANG Xiaohong(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Jiangsu Institute of Marine Fisheries,Nantong 226000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226000

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2022年第4期950-960,共11页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：苏财农[2019]81号“江苏近海重要渔业水域渔业资源监测”项目(2019-SJ-018-1)。

摘　　要：为研究南黄海潮间带大型底栖动物群落时空变化情况,分别于2019年5月、8月、10月开展了3个航次10个断面的调查,并运用多元统计分析方法对调查采集到的大型底栖动物的种类组成、生物量、生物密度以及群落的物种多样性进行分析。调查共发现大型底栖动物10门103种,春季59种,夏季70种,秋季56种;生物量和生物密度存在的季节变化分是夏季高于春季和秋季、秋季高于春季和夏季;在空间上,对南黄海北部、中部和南部3个区域进行生物量和生物密度的比较,呈现北部高于南部和中部的变化趋势。计算得到:调查断面的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Margalef丰富度指数(d)和Peilou均匀度指数(J)的变化幅度分别为2.02~4.24、0.83~4.00和0.63~0.93,均值为3.16、2.35和0.85;夏季群落多样性水平(2.32)高于秋季(2.08)和春季(2.01);北部群落多样性水平(3.53)高于南部(3.11)和中部(3.02)。南黄海大型底栖动物群落的优势种群依次为软体动物、环节动物和甲壳动物。聚类分析结果表明,10个断面可划分3个类群,基本以北部、中部和南部区域划分,南黄海潮间带底栖动物群落的差异更多来自空间变化。根据聚类结果,计算3个类群的典型种和分歧种,北部典型种主要为软体动物和甲壳动物,中部典型种主要为软体动物和环节动物,南部典型种主要为软体动物。研究结果补充了黄海南部潮间带大型底栖动物的基本数据,为该海域潮间带底栖动物资源评估和保护提供了科学依据。In order to investigate the changes of macrobenthos community in the intertidal zone of south Yellow Sea,a survey of 10 sections of three voyages was carried out in May,August and October 2019.The species composition,biomass,density and species diversity of the macrobenthos were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis.A total of 103 species belonging to 10 phyla were found,including 59 species in spring,70 species in summer and 56 species in autumn;The seasonal variation of biomass and biomass density was higher in summer than in spring and autumn,and higher in autumn than in spring and summer;Spatially,the biomass and biomass density of the northern,central and southern parts of the south Yellow Sea were compared,showing a trend of higher in the northern part than in the southern and central parts.The Shannon Wiener diversity index(H′),Margalef richness index(d) and Peilou evenness index(J) were 2.02-4.24,0.83-4.00 and 0.63-0.93,respectively,with the mean values of 3.16,2.35 and 0.85;The community diversity level in the north(3.53) was higher than that in the south(3.11) and the middle(3.02).The dominant species of macrobenthos in the south Yellow Sea were molluscs,annelids and crustaceans.The results of cluster analysis showed that the 10 transects could be divided into three groups,which were basically divided into the north,the middle and the south.The differences of benthic community in intertidal zone of the south Yellow Sea mainly came from the spatial changes.According to the clustering results,the typical species and divergent species of the three groups were calculated.The typical species in the north were mainly molluscs and crustaceans,the typical species in the middle were molluscs and annelids,and the typical species in the south were molluscs.The results supplement the basic data of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of the southern Yellow Sea,and provide a scientific basis for the assessment and protection of the intertidal benthos resources.

关 键 词：南黄海潮间带 物种组成 大型底栖动物群落 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]