司法人工智能能否实现司法公正?  

Can Judicial Artificial Intelligence Achieve Judicial Justice?

作　　者：雷磊[1] Lei Lei(Law School of China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《政法论丛》2022年第4期72-82,共11页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：第五批国家万人计划青年拔尖人才资助(2019);北京市社会科学重大项目“数据科技时代法学基本范畴的体系重构”(项目编号:20ZDA02)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：司法人工智能具有人类法官不可比拟的优势,但也具有不可克服的缺陷,即无法应对不确定性,不具有人类常识常情,以及无法进行价值判断。司法人工智能的基本运行逻辑是基于历史数据基础上的预测,既包括基于类案裁判之历史数据的同案预测,也包括基于法院或法官个人裁判历史数据的个性预测。在同案预测中,司法人工智能有助于实现司法统一,但不一定能实现同案同判或依法裁判意义上的形式正义,更可能与实质正义相矛盾。在个性预测中,“法官画像”的现实主义逻辑可能与实体公正背道而驰,“买卖法官”的商业偏好逻辑必然侵蚀程序公正的理念。因此,司法人工智能无法实现司法公正,目前它的合适定位就是司法裁判活动的辅助手段。Judicial artificial intelligence has comprehensive advantages comparative to human judges,but also has its own insurmountable weaknesses,that is,it cannot deal with with uncertainty,it does not have human common sense,and it is unable to make value judgments.The basic operation logic of judicial artificial intelligence is prediction based on historical data,including both the prediction of similar cases based on historical data about precedents,and the personality prediction based on historical data about personal judgments of courts or judges.In the prediction of similar cases,judicial artificial intelligence helps to achieve judicial unity,but it may not achieve formal justice in the sense of“like cases be treated alike”or adjudication according to the law,and it is more likely to contradict substantive justice.In personality prediction,the realistic logic of“judge portraits”may run counter to substantive justice,and the business preference logic of“buying and selling judges”will inevitably erode the idea of procedural justice.Therefore,judicial artificial intelligence cannot achieve judicial justice,and its appropriate positioning is currently an auxiliary means of judicial adjudication activities.

关 键 词：司法人工智能 实体公正 程序公正 同案预测 个性预测 

分 类 号：DFO-05[政治法律—法学]