改造我国四要件的犯罪构成体系——“一机两翼式”犯罪构成体系之提倡  

Transformation of China’s Four-Requirement Crime Constitution System——Advocacy of the “One-Airplane-Two-Wing” Model to Crime Constitution System

作　　者：于阳 Yu Yang(Law School of Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《政法论丛》2022年第4期106-118,共13页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“环境犯罪刑事政策转换、刑罚体系调适与制裁模式多元化研究”(21BFX179)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国四要件犯罪构成体系主要存在犯罪客体内容空洞、消极要素游离于体系之外两大缺陷,因而已无保留之必要。基于三阶层体系本身存在缺陷、俄罗斯继续沿用四要件体系、我国没有直接引入三阶层体系的合适土壤、司法实务界对三阶层体系至今反映平淡等理由,也不必对四要件体系进行重构。当前,我国可以在借鉴两大法系犯罪构成体系基础上,逐步改造四要件体系。通过对消极要素概念进行厘清、对消极性构成要件要素概念进行重构,先行构建“立体式”犯罪构成体系。在积极性构成要件与消极性构成要件作为“一机”的基础上,构建以消极性构成要件要素和狭义消极要素为“两翼”、期待可能性要素和定量要素为“机尾”的“一机两翼式”犯罪构成体系。There is no need to maintain the “four-requirement” crime constitution system in China because of its two major defects: the empty content of the object of crime and the negative elements straying outside the system. Nor is it necessary to reconstruct the “four-requirement” system in China due to four reasons, including the defects of the “three-level” crime constitution system itself, the Russia’s practice of using the “four-requirement” system constantly, the lack of suitable soil for the direct introduction of the “three-level” system in China, and the lukewarm response to the “three-level” system in our judicial practice until now. At present, China should gradually modify the “four-requirement” crime constitution system on the basis of drawing on the crime composition system of the two major legal systems. By clarifying the concept of negative elements and reconstructing the concept of negative constitutive requirement elements, we constract a “three-dimensional” crime constitution system in advance. On the basis of the positive and negative constitutive requirements as “one-airplane”, the “one-airplane–two-wing” crime constitution system is constructed with the negative constitutive requirement elements and narrow negative elements as the two wings and the expectation possibility elements and quantitative elements as the tail.

关 键 词：犯罪构成 消极要素 消极性构成要件要素 “一机两翼式”犯罪构成体系 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]